abstract

• n. 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念
• adj. 抽象的；深奥的
• vt. 摘要；提取；使……抽象化；转移(注意力、兴趣等)；使心不在焉
• vi. 做摘要；写梗概

前缀abs-为ab-变体，离开。词根tract,拉，见attract，吸引。

1. a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance;

"he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"

2. a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory

abstract (adj.)

late 14c., originally in grammar (of nouns), from Latin abstractus "drawn away," past participle of abstrahere "to drag away, detach, pull away, divert;" also figuratively, from ab(s)- "away" (see ab-) + trahere "draw" (see tract (n.1)).

Meaning "withdrawn or separated from material objects or practical matters" is from mid-15c. That of "difficult to understand, abstruse" is from c. 1400. Specifically in reference to modern art, it dates from 1914; abstract expressionism as an American-based uninhibited approach to art exemplified by Jackson Pollock is from 1952, but the term itself had been used in the 1920s of Kandinsky and others.

Oswald Herzog, in an article on "Der Abstrakte Expressionismus" (Sturm, heft 50, 1919) gives us a statement which with equal felicity may be applied to the artistic attitude of the Dadaists. "Abstract Expressionism is perfect Expressionism," he writes. "It is pure creation. It casts spiritual processes into a corporeal mould. It does not borrow objects from the real world; it creates its own objects .... The abstract reveals the will of the artist; it becomes expression. ..." [William A. Drake, "The Life and Deeds of Dada," 1922]

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Then, that art we have called "abstract" for want of any possible descriptive term, with which we have been patient, and, even, appreciative, getting high stimulation by the new Guggenheim "non-objective" Art Museum, is reflected in our examples of "surrealism," "dadaism," and what-not, to assert our acquaintance in every art, fine or other. [Report of the Art Reference Department of Pratt Institute Free Library for year ending June 30, 1937]

abstract (n.)

"abridgement or summary of a document," mid-15c., from abstract (adj.). The general sense of "a smaller quantity containing the virtue or power of a greater" [Johnson] is recorded from 1560s.

abstract (v.)

1540s, from Latin abstractus or else from the adjective abstract. Related: Abstracted; abstracting, abstractedly.

summary, abstract, digest, outline, resume

这些名词均含"摘要，概要，概括"之意。

summary： 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。

abstract： 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。

digest： 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。

outline： 指配以释议文字的提纲。

resume： 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。

may be better at solving puzzlescan memorize things with more easemay have greater facility in abstract reasoningcan put what they have learnt into more effective usefind ways to slow down our mental declinefind ways to boost our memoriesunderstand the complex process of mental functioningunderstand the relation between physical and mental healthThe most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification ( ' , 快乐 ) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Already, by paying close attention to and interacting with the world and people around him, and without any school-type formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years.

出自-2010年6月听力原文

The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

The purpose of today’s lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small- and medium-sized enterprises which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

His independent and abstract thinking.

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

The purpose of today's lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small- and medium-sized enterprises which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology.

2016年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. 　

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

abstract knowledge/principles

理论知识；抽象原理

牛津词典

The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.

研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。

牛津词典

We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.

我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。

牛津词典

She abstracted the main points from the argument.

她把论证概括成要点。

牛津词典

a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river

从这条河中抽取800万加仑水的计划

牛津词典

The author has abstracted poems from earlier books.

作者从以前的书中摘取了一些诗作。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a licence to abstract water from the River Axe...

从阿克斯河中抽水的许可证

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...abstract words such as glory, honor, and courage.

抽象名词，如光荣、荣耀和勇气

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a modern abstract painting.

一幅现代派抽象画

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract.

钱对她来说就是个抽象的东西，她从不去想钱。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...abstract principles such as justice...

正义等抽象原则

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It's not a question of some abstract concept.

这不是某个抽象概念的问题。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Guesses content , both neither can be eccentric troublesome sign, cannot abstract and disloyal.

所猜之物, 既不能怪僻难识, 又不能抽象不实.

期刊摘选

Abstract: Review of 2000 molybdenum market and prospect of 2001 molybdenum market were stated.

文摘: 回顾了2000年世界钼市场状况并展望了2001年世界钼市场前景.

期刊摘选

Abstract: Polyphosphazenes are inorganic polymeric functional materialsthat have unique characterization.

文摘: 聚磷腈是一类具有特殊性能的无机高分子功能材料.

期刊摘选

As I said at the outset, I do not give much importance to abstract concepts.

正如我在开篇所说, 我不认为抽象的概念有多么重要.

期刊摘选

Concerning the disposal of cognition error of facts, this article affirms theory of abstract statutory conformation.

关于事实认识错误的处理, 应当主张抽象的法定符合说.

期刊摘选

Abstract : collectivity cooperation innovation capability is the uppermost one of modern enterprise.

企业的创新能力是现代企业最主要的竞争能力.

期刊摘选

Scientific language cuts itself from the specific context of situation, and becomes an abstract logical language.

科学语言脱离了具体语境,是一种抽象的 、 概念性的逻辑语言.

期刊摘选

The council decided to abstract away from the examples set forth by the mayor.

委员会决定对市长给出的例子不予以考虑.

期刊摘选

ABSTRACT : Urban context is the connection of space and time in its development and variation.

摘要: 城市文脉是城市发展变化过程中所具有的时空关联.

期刊摘选

Content abstract: Enterprise's administration system, may say that is enterprise's central nervous system.

内容摘要: 企业的行政管理体系, 可以说是企业的中枢神经系统.

期刊摘选

Abstract: The thesis introduces the creation of Bing Xin Literary Hall.

文摘: 介绍了冰心文学馆的创作构思.

期刊摘选

This class is an abstract base class.

此类是一个抽象基类.

期刊摘选

Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbol representation of what is conceived to be reality.

理论从本质上是对现实的一种抽象的 、 符号式的表达.

期刊摘选

Rather, it fell back on an old principle which bars the patenting of abstract ideas.

倒不如说, 它退回到了旧的原则,后者禁止授予抽象的观念专利权.

期刊摘选

The bright dining area abstract paintings of New York City's bridges and the Statue of Liberty.

明亮的用餐区装点着纽约大桥和自由女神像的抽象画.

期刊摘选

He is an abstract painter.

他是一个抽象派画家.

《简明英汉词典》