bitter
英 ['bɪtə]
美['bɪtɚ]
- adj. 苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的
- n. 苦味；苦啤酒
- adv. 激烈地；严寒刺骨地
- vt. 使变苦
- n. (Bitter)人名；(英、法、德、芬、捷、匈)比特
词态变化
名词: bitterness;
助记提示
bitter 必吐尔（苦的吃到嘴里必定会吐） = 苦的。
中文词源
bitter 苦的
词源同bite, 咬，撕裂。后指酸，苦。
英英释意
- 1. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)
- 2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
- 3. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste
英文词源
- bitter
- bitter: [OE] Old English biter appears to have come from *bit-, the short-vowel version of *bīt-, source of bite. Its original meaning would thus have been ‘biting’, and although there do not seem to be any traces of this left in the historical record, the sense development to ‘acrid-tasting’ is fairly straightforward (compare the similar case of sharp).
It seems likely that the bitter of ‘bitter end’ comes from a different source altogether, although in its current meaning it appears to have been influenced by the adjective bitter. A bitter was originally a ‘turn of a cable round the bitts’, and a bitt was a ‘post on the deck of a ship for fastening cables to’. It is not clear where bitt came from, although it was probably originally a seafarer’s term from the north German coast, and it may be related to English boat.
Thus in the first instance ‘to the bitter end’ probably meant ‘to the very end, as far as it is possible to go’.
=> bite - bitter (adj.)
- Old English biter "bitter, sharp, cutting; angry, embittered; cruel," from Proto-Germanic *bitras- (cognates: Old Saxon bittar, Old Norse bitr, Dutch bitter, Old High German bittar, German bitter, Gothic baitrs "bitter"), from PIE root *bheid- "to split" (cognates: Old English bitan "to bite;" see bite (v.)). Evidently the meaning drifted in prehistoric times from "biting, of pungent taste," to "acrid-tasting." Used figuratively in Old English of states of mind and words. Related: Bitterly.
考试真题
- For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell.
2015年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A
- Hops, for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a relatively recent addition to the beverage.
2017年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A
- On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the midwest.
2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B
- About one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter feelings.
出自-2014年6月听力原文
- Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories.
出自-2012年6月听力原文
- The roasted seasoning largely overpowered any other flavour, although there was slightly bitter after taste.
2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B
词组搭配
to the bitter end
used to indicate that one will continue doing something until it is finished, no matter what. bitts, perhaps influenced by the biblical phrase ‘her end is bitter as wormwood’ (Prov. 5:4)
义无反顾，坚持到底
the workers would &B{fight to the bitter end}.
工人们将战斗到底。
实用场景例句
- They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.
- 他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。
牛津词典
- A pint of bitter, please.
- 请来一品脱苦啤酒。
牛津词典
- gin with a dash of bitters
- 掺了少量苦酒汁的杜松子酒
牛津词典
- The flowers of the hop plant add bitterness to the beer.
- 忽布花可增加啤酒的苦味。
牛津词典
- a long and bitter dispute
- 漫长的激烈争论
牛津词典
- She is very bitter about losing her job.
- 她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。
牛津词典
- to weep/shed bitter tears
- 伤心落泪
牛津词典
- Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
- 输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
牛津词典
- I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.
- 我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。
牛津词典
- Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
- 清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
牛津词典
- bitter cold
- 严寒
牛津词典
- a bitter wind
- 刺骨寒风
牛津词典
- It's really bitter out today.
- 今天户外的确很冷。
牛津词典
- [不可数名词]The pay cut caused bitterness among the staff.
- 降低工资使职员们十分愤懑。
牛津词典
- The guerrillas would fight to the bitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.
- 他说，游击队员会为实现主要目标而战斗到底。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...a pint of bitter.
- 一品脱苦啤酒
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully...
- 大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦然面对失败。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
- 外面，刺骨的东风伴着阵阵小雪。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...after spending a night in the bitter cold.
- 在严寒中度过一夜之后
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- The leaves taste rather bitter.
- 这些叶子味道相当苦。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness, and becoming softer and smoother.
- 年深日久，酒会褪去辣味，口感变得醇和起来
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- She is said to be very bitter about the way she was sacked...
- 据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- His long life was marked by bitter personal and political memories.
- 他漫长的一生充满了关于个人生活和政治生涯的苦涩记忆。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- I think the decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered...
- 我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击，从此以后他一蹶不振。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...the scene of bitter fighting during the Second World War.
- 第二次世界大战期间激烈的战斗场面
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...a bitter attack on the Government's failure to support manufacturing...
- 对政府支持制造业不力的猛烈抨击
柯林斯高阶英语词典