brain

• n. 头脑，智力；脑袋
• vt. 猛击…的头部
• n. (Brain)人名；(英)布雷恩

词源不详。

1. that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

2. mental ability;

"he's got plenty of brains but no common sense"

3. that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason;

"his mind wandered"

"I couldn't get his words out of my head"

4. someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality;

"Mozart was a child genius"

"he's smart but he's no Einstein"

5. the brain of certain animals used as meat

brain

brain: [OE] Old English brægen came from a Germanic *bragnam. Its rather restricted distribution in modern Germanic languages (apart from English brain there is only Dutch and Frisian brein) suggests that in prehistoric times it may have been limited to the area of North Germany where the Low German dialects were spoken, but it may well have some connection with Greek brekhmós ‘forehead’.

brain (v.)

"to dash the brains out," late 14c., from brain (n.). Related: Brained; braining.

brain (n.)

Old English brægen "brain," from Proto-Germanic *bragnam (cognates: Middle Low German bregen, Old Frisian and Dutch brein), from PIE root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" (cognates: Greek brekhmos "front part of the skull, top of the head"). But Liberman writes that brain "has no established cognates outside West Germanic ..." and is not connected to the Greek word. More probably, he writes, its etymon is PIE *bhragno "something broken."

The custom of using the plural to refer to the substance (literal or figurative), as opposed to the organ, dates from 16c. Figurative sense of "intellectual power" is from late 14c.; meaning "a clever person" is first recorded 1914. Brain teaser is from 1923. Brain stem first recorded 1879, from German. Brain drain is attested from 1963. An Old English word for "head" was brægnloca, which might be translated as "brain locker." In Middle English, brainsick (Old English brægenseoc) meant "mad, addled."

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate ( ' , 合并) it within existing information by forming associations.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists ( ' , 神经科学专家) hoping to understand the way the brain records our lives.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

It can enlarge our brain capacity.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

In a sense, forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

But is there a point where it reaches capacity?The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled You Can Grow Your Brain.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Behavioral genetics has made important contributions to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

"There's a mountain of evidence 34 proving the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function," he told The Seattle times.

2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive.

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and BrandLab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

Activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

An entertaining way of enhancing your analytical skills is to engage them by playing brain games.

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use.

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.

2018年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based similarities, many different types of brain can't always be distinguished by gender.

2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

Despite having a brain no bigger than the tip of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive visual memory.

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers searched for sex differences throughout the entire human brain.

2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

It's a hobby that I've stuck with and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist, said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning traditional beliefs about gender and brain function.

2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists hoping to understand the way the brain records our lives.

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Physical activity can improve blood flow to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are essential to learning.

2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too.

2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain.

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections.

2016年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within existing information by forming associations.

2017年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

While the "average" male and "average" female brains were slightly different, you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain scans.

2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.

出自-2016年6月听力原文

But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer’s Disease for this age group have more than doubled, increasing from 3.8% to 8.5%, making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

But in practice, our brain discounts the risks — and benefits — associated with issues that lie some way ahead.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Are people suffering from gadget overload? Are they exhausted by the consumer equivalent of the brain fatigue—information overload—that is caused by constant updates of devices and online media?As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

The Uses of Difficulty The brain likes a challenge—and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boost its creativity

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

As the brain attempts to force the unsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed, psychologically denser expression

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

One's brain becomes sharp when it is activated.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

Their brains become both calmer and sharper.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

After a long period, alcoholism can deteriorate the liver, the brain and other parts of the body.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

They believe that the nerve endings in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys, and it is this side of the brain that strongly influences an individual's ability to use language and remember things.

出自-2012年12月听力原文

The two sides of their brain develop simultaneously.

出自-2012年12月听力原文

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children.

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 33 statistical evidence, which is what the EPA re

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

But in practice, our brain discounts the risks —and benefits — associated with issues that lie some way ahead.

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

For example, dolphins, as well as other marine animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cue

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain.

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional Mri machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain.

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

It was specifically observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

Now, a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans, they can determine with 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

Recent research has also shown that indulging in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory deficits.

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

So, while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain activity, those insights will I not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help.

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie.

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

The developing brain, the report says, is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be permanent.

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first night- effect" of different brain states has been identified in humans.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a novel environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any potential danger.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

These differences may elicit different brain responses.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

They should also be sceptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all human traits and actions to the level of brain activity.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown.

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

By comParison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

Conclusion· With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 题设

During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.

2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.

2016年高考英语全国卷2 语法填空 原文

Her father Peter, 44, wantS her to give up school to model full-time, but Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her education.

2017年高考英语全国卷3 语法填空 原文

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文

If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.

2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 七选五 原文

In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two characteristics of human beings.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 题设

It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文

Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved.

2015年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive contradictory messages.

2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读D 题设

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文

The disadvantages of large human brains ·the larger brains may not be better because of the cost.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 题设

The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 选项

The watched-pot wait engages body and brain.

2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文

We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文

We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文

Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'.

出自-2010年考研阅读原文

"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; It is as indispensable to be brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done," he argues.

2018年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay.

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But some of it remains in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.

2017年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness.

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.

2017年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the brain.

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

You need brains as well as brawn (= intelligence as well as strength) to do this job.

这项工作既需要脑力又需要体力。

牛津词典

one of the best scientific brains in the country

国家最优秀的科技人才之一

牛津词典

He's always been the brains of the family.

这家人数他聪明。

牛津词典

The band's drummer is the brains behind their latest venture.

这位乐队鼓手是他们最近一次活动的策划人。

牛津词典

He has sex on the brain.

他脑子里想的全是性。

牛津词典

Teachers spotted that he had a good brain at an early age.

老师们发现他小时候就很聪颖。

牛津词典

It doesn't take much brain to work out that both stories can't be true.

不必费多大脑筋就知道，两种说法不可能都是真的。

牛津词典

She died of a brain tumour.

她死于脑瘤。

牛津词典

a device to measure brain activity during sleep

检测睡眠时脑部活动的仪器

牛津词典

sheep's brains

羊脑

牛津词典

damage to the brain

脑部损伤

牛津词典

brain cells

脑细胞

牛津词典

He had threatened to brain him then and there.

他当时就威胁要打爆他的脑袋。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They stood over him with clubs raised as if to beat his brains out.

他们举着棍子监视着他，好像要揍扁他的脑袋。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Give me all your money or I'll blow your brains out...

把你所有的钱都给我，否则我就一枪把你的脑袋打开花。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He blew his brains out with a shotgun.

他用一支猎枪射中了他的脑袋。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

You've had chess on the brain since you were little.

你从很小的时候就对下棋产生了浓厚兴趣。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Why should a successful company allow another firm to pick its brains?

为什么一个成功的企业就得允许别的公司来讨教呢？

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Some investigators regarded her as the brains of the gang.

一些调查员认为她是该团伙的决策者。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They were not the only ones to have brains and ambition...

并不是只有他们聪明、有志向。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I had a good brain and the teachers liked me.

我很聪明，老师们都喜欢我。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Mr White was the brains behind the scheme...

怀特先生是该项计划的幕后策划者。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Stretch your brain with this puzzle.

用这个智力游戏锻炼你的思维能力。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Once you stop using your brain you soon go stale...

一旦停止用脑，人很快就会变得迟钝。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Her father died of a brain tumour.

她父亲死于脑瘤。

柯林斯高阶英语词典