bull

英 [bʊl]

n. 公牛；看好股市者；粗壮如牛的人；胡说八道；印玺
adj. 大型的；公牛似的；雄性的
vt. 企图抬高证券价格；吓唬；强力实现
vi. 价格上涨；走运；猛推；吹牛
n. (Bull)人名；(英、葡、瑞典、芬、挪、德)布尔

CET4TEM4IELTS考研CET6中低频词核心词汇家畜家禽

词态变化

复数: bulls;

助记提示

1. “红牛”（Red Bull)是全球率先推出且被人熟知的的能量饮品之一。1966年，红牛维生素功能饮料诞生于泰国，迄今为止已有40余年的发展历史。凭着优良的品质和良好的信誉，红牛维生素功能饮料畅销全球140多个国家和地区，稳居全球功能饮料行业的主流地位。

中文词源

bull 公牛，教皇训谕

1.公牛，来自词根bov, 牛，见bovine. 或来自PIE * bhel, 膨胀，见ball.

2.教皇训谕，来自用封蜡（形似小球）密封的教皇下发给下属教会的文件，词源同bill.

英英释意

1. uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

2. a large and strong and heavyset man;: "he was a bull of a man"; "a thick-skinned bruiser ready to give as good as he got"

3. obscene words for unacceptable behavior;: "I put up with a lot of bullshit from that jerk"; "what he said was mostly bull"

4. a serious and ludicrous blunder;: "he made a bad bull of the assignment"

5. uncomplimentary terms for a policeman

6. an investor with an optimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to rise and so buys now for resale later

7. the center of a target

8. a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla)

9. mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle

英文词源

bull: bull: There are three distinct words bull in English. The oldest is the animal name, which first appears in late Old English as bula. Related forms occur in other Germanic languages, including German bulle and Dutch bul. The diminutive bullock is also recorded in late Old English. The second bull is ‘edict’ [13], as in ‘papal bull’. This comes from medieval Latin bulla ‘sealed document’, a development of an earlier sense ‘seal’, which can be traced back to classical Latin bulla ‘bubble’ (source also of English bowl, as in the game of bowls; of boil ‘heat liquid’; of budge [16], via Old French bouger and Vulgar Latin *bullicāre ‘bubble up, boil’; and probably of bill ‘statement of charges’).

And finally there is ‘ludicrous or selfcontradictory statement’ [17], usually now in the phrase Irish bull, whose origins are mysterious; there may be a connection with the Middle English noun bul ‘falsehood’ and the 15th-to 17th-century verb bull ‘mock, cheat’, which has been linked with Old French boler or bouller ‘deceive’. The source of the modern colloquial senses ‘nonsense’ and ‘excessive discipline’ is not clear.

Both are early 20th-century, and closely associated with the synonymous and contemporary bullshit, suggesting a conscious link with bull the animal. In meaning, however, the first at least is closer to bull ‘ludicrous statement’. Bull’s-eye ‘centre of a target’ and ‘large sweet’ are both early 19th-century. Bulldoze is from 1870s America, and was apparently originally applied to the punishment of recalcitrant black slaves; it has been conjectured that the underlying connotation was of ‘giving someone a dose fit for a bull’.

The term bulldozer was applied to the vehicle in the 1930s.
=> phallic; bill, bowl, budge
bull (n.1): "bovine male animal," from Old English bula "a bull, a steer," or Old Norse boli "bull," both from Proto-Germanic *bullon- (cognates: Middle Dutch bulle, Dutch bul, German Bulle), perhaps from a Germanic verbal stem meaning "to roar," which survives in some German dialects and perhaps in the first element of boulder (q.v.). The other possibility [Watkins] is that the Germanic root is from PIE *bhln-, from root *bhel- (2) "to blow, inflate, swell" (see bole).

An uncastrated male, reared for breeding, as opposed to a bullock or steer. Extended after 1610s to males of other large animals (elephant, alligator, whale, etc.). Stock market sense is from 1714 (see bear (n.)). Meaning "policeman" attested by 1859. Figurative phrase to take the bull by the horns first recorded 1711. To be a bull in a china shop, figurative of careless and inappropriate use of force, attested from 1812 and was the title of a popular humorous song in 1820s England. Bull-baiting attested from 1570s.
bull (n.2): "papal edict," c. 1300, from Medieval Latin bulla "sealed document" (source of Old French bulle, Italian bulla), originally the word for the seal itself, from Latin bulla "round swelling, knob," said ultimately to be from Gaulish, from PIE *beu-, a root supposed to have formed words associated with swelling (cognates: Lithuanian bule "buttocks," Middle Dutch puyl "bag," also possibly Latin bucca "cheek").
bull (v.): "push through roughly," 1884, from bull (n.1). Related: Bulled; bulling.
bull (n.3): "false talk, fraud," Middle English, apparently from Old French bole "deception, trick, scheming, intrigue," and perhaps connected to modern Icelandic bull "nonsense."
Sais christ to ypocrites ... yee ar ... all ful with wickednes, tresun and bull. ["Cursor Mundi," early 14c.]
There also was a verb bull meaning "to mock, cheat," which dates from 1530s.

同义词辨析

ox, bull, cow, buffalo

这些名词均有"牛"之意。

ox：泛指野生或驯养的牛类，系动物学的用词，通称，也指公牛。

bull：指未经阉割，通常用于配种的公牛，也指西班牙或美洲经专门饲料用作斗牛表演的公牛。引申指彪形大汉。

cow：指任何品种的成年母牛或乳用的乳牛。

buffalo：指水牛，在美国指野牛。

考试真题

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien hirst, "Beautiful Inside My Head Forever", at Sotheby's in London on September 1'th 2008.

词组搭配

like a bull at a gate

taking action hastily and without thought

鲁莽地，狂烈地，猛烈地

like a bull in a china shop

behaving recklessly and clumsily in a situation where one is likely to cause a damage or injury

笨手笨足闯祸的，行动（或说话）鲁莽的

like a red rag to a bull

take the bull by the horns

deal decisively with a difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant situation

不畏艰险，勇于面对困难

grab the bull by the horns 或 take the bull by the horns

To deal with a problem directly and resolutely.

当机立断，快刀斩乱麻：果断并坚决处理问题的

实用场景例句

a papal bull: 教皇训谕

That's a load of bull!: 那是胡说八道！

a bull neck (= a short thick neck like a bull's ): （公牛般的）短粗脖子

...a massive bull elephant with huge tusks.: 一头体形庞大、长着巨大象牙的雄象

I think it's a load of bull...: 我认为那是胡说八道。

The press couldn't deal with that so they made up all this bull.: 新闻媒体无法应对此事，因此他们就编造了这通谎言。

Still, it'll stop him rampaging all over the place like a bull in a china shop.: 尽管如此，这将会让他不再像个冒失鬼一样到处横冲直撞了。

Now is the time for the Chancellor to take the bull by the horns and announce a two per cent cut in interest rates.: 现在是财政大臣迎难而上，宣布利率下调两个百分点的时候了。

Good standing takes users easy; price makes users gratified and excellent after - sales service reassures users.: 产品信誉让用户放心, 价格让您称心,售后服务让您安心.

We can see through all that bull.: 我们能识破那套胡诌.

Don't listen to his cock and bull story.: 别听他那荒诞的故事.

The tramp told a cock and bull story about finding the money hidden in a bottle behind a tree in the park.: 流浪汉编了一个荒诞的故事,说他在公园的一棵树的后面发现了藏在瓶子里面的钱.

Take it gently; why must you go at everything like a bull at a gate?: 处事从容不迫些, 你为什么做每件事都这么鲁莽呢 ?

The teacher warned the boy that if he heard any more of his cock and bull story , he would be severely punished.: 老师警告那个男孩说,如果他再听到他胡说八道, 他将受到严惩.

The bull tossed the matador.: 公牛用角把斗牛士挑起后抛入空中.

This bull gores people.: 这牛爱顶人.

He's like a bull in a china shop , always knocking things over.: 他笨手笨脚, 总是撞倒东西.

The jury did not believe the witness'cock and bull story.: 陪审团不相信证人的无稽之谈.

The bull gored the farmer to death.: 公牛用角把农夫抵死了.

When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass.: 当公牛接近了他时, 他笨拙地向一旁一闪,把公牛让了过去.

Come in and bull a while.: 进来随便谈一会儿吧.

Many dogs closed around the bull.: 很多狗渐渐地把那只牛围了起来.

He was a great bull of a man.: 他是一个体壮如牛的人.

This is a bull.: 这是一头公牛.

Get along with you. It's a cock and bull story.: 去你的, 这是无稽之谈.

Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.: 那公牛显然对批评话是敏感的, 所以它把斗牛士全忘记了,向那醉汉冲了过去.