首页英语词典carboncarbon的意思

carbon

英 ['kɑːb(ə)n] 美['kɑrbən]

英英释义考试真题实用场景例句

近义词smoke

n. [化学] 碳；碳棒；复写纸
adj. 碳的；碳处理的
n. (Carbon)人名；(西)卡尔翁；(法)卡尔邦；(英)卡本

CET4TEM4考研TOEFLCET6中频词核心词汇

词态变化

复数: carbons;

中文词源

carbon 碳

来自PIE *ker, 燃烧，词源同cremate, hearth.

英英释意

1. an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

2. a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper

3. a copy made with carbon paper

英文词源

carbon: carbon: [18] The notion underlying carbon is probably that of ‘burning’; it has been tentatively traced back to a base *kar- ‘fire’. The word’s immediate source was French carbone, coined in the 1780s on the basis of Latin carbō ‘coal, charcoal’ (supplementing an earlier borrowing charbon ‘coal, charcoal’). It is not certain whether char and charcoal are related to it.
carbon (n.): non-metallic element, 1789, coined 1787 in French by Lavoisier as charbone, from Latin carbonem (nominative carbo) "a coal, glowing coal; charcoal," from PIE root *ker- (4) "heat, fire, to burn" (cognates: Latin cremare "to burn;" Sanskrit kudayati "singes;" Lithuanian kuriu "to heat," karštas "hot," krosnis "oven;" Old Church Slavonic kurjo "to smoke," krada "fireplace, hearth;" Russian ceren "brazier;" Old High German harsta "roasting;" Gothic hauri "coal;" Old Norse hyrr "fire;" Old English heorð "hearth").

Carbon 14, long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits, is from 1936. Carbon dating (using carbon 14) is recorded from 1958. Carbon cycle is attested from 1912. Carbon footprint was in use by 2001. Carbon paper (soon to be obsolete) is from 1895.

考试真题

We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils.

Mr Obama's plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest.

According to the author, Obama's plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will by no means be inexpensive

And it would take an average of 65 years for the reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one.

carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and powering our homes, offices and other buildings

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found.

While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it's especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world.

Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first.

The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices.

The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.

Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon.

Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

In order to maximize global welfare, every country's carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.

If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.

Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions.

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.

Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber.

By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones.

And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development.

Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process.

Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change.

A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.

It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.

Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions.

Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally.

Left alone, it was assumed, the world's rain forests would not only flourish but might even rescue us from disaster by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and other planet-warming greenhouse gases.

Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the Amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being assets in the battle against rising temperatures to liabilities

billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year - making forests the leading source of greenhouse gases.

Runaway fires pour even more carbon into the air, which increases temperatures, starting the whole vicious cycle all over again

Each burning season in the Amazon, fires deliberately set by frontier settlers and developers hurl up almost half a billion metric tons of carbon a year, placing Brazil among the top five contributors to greenhouse gases in the world.

carbon emissions are the leading cause of current global warming

The author argues that the rising carbon levels in rain forests may turn them into a major source of greenhouse gases.

Its inability to curb the carbon emissions from industries

For a start, all animals, such as cows, pigs and sheep, always gas limed methane, which is the second most common green house gas after carbon dioxide.

Many environmental experts now believe that methane is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide

But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide, trapped in the burning death grip of a runaway greenhouse effect.

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmo

Grazing herds stimulate microbial activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon.

Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas, leaving calcium oxide.

Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions .

The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut back rapidly now, because it would take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere.

The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, sparking a shift to green energy in the country.

According to the author, polluting industries should fight against carbon pollution.

But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.

The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.

The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.

This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.

Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.

Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around you head.

You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.

Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.

Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.

Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.

The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.

The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.

实用场景例句

carbon fibre: 碳纤维

He inserted the paper and two carbons.: 他放入了那张纸和两张复写纸。

Application: mainly use to shave rust and oil paint.: 用途: 主要用来刮除铁锈和墙漆.

Charcoal and diamond are allotropes of carbon.: 木炭和金刚石都是炭的同素异形物

One theory about the existence of extraterrestrial life rests on the presence of carbon compounds in meteorites.: 地球外存在生命的理论是基于陨星上存在碳化合物质这一事实的.

Diamonds are pure carbon.: 钻石是纯净的碳.

The heavy traffic tinctures the air with carbon monoxide.: 繁忙的交通使空气里充满一氧化碳.

Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect.: 二氧化碳太多是道致温室效应的最主要原因.

Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound.: 碳是一种(化学)元素, 而二氧化碳则是一种化合物.

Carbon rubs off on your hands.: 碳会沾手.

Pig iron may contain 4％ of carbon.: 生铁可含百分之四的碳.

Carbon steels exist in three stable crystalline phases.: 碳素钢含有3种稳定的结晶状态.

The lime water has turned cloudy, therefore carbon dioxide has been produced during the experiment.: 石灰水变得混浊了, 可见在实验中有二氧化碳生成了.

She is a carbon copy of her sister.: 她跟她姐姐长得一模一样。

the many isotopes of carbon: 碳的诸多同位素

a series of deaths caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: 一氧化碳中毒引起的一连串死亡

Carbon has a valency of 4.: 碳的化合价是4价。

You can liquefy the carbon dioxide to separate it from the other constituents.: 可以将二氧化碳液化，以便和其他成分分开。

The two principal combustion products are water vapor and carbon dioxide.: 两种主要的燃烧产物是水蒸气和二氧化碳。

The limit for carbon monoxide is 4.5 per cent of the exhaust gas.: 尾气中一氧化碳的排放限量为4.5%。

In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.: 石墨层中的碳原子相互连接形成碳环。

Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.: 碳化合物氧化后必然会产生二氧化碳。

The amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities such as burning coal and oil is small in comparison.: 相比之下，人类活动燃烧煤、石油等所释放的二氧化碳要少一些。

The emission of gases such as carbon dioxide should be stabilised at their present level.: 二氧化碳等气体的排放应该稳定在当前水平。

Now with this particular piece of instrumentation, you can actually spot individual carbon atoms.: 现在利用这件特定的仪器，就可以真正观察到单个碳原子了。

You can make your flights carbon neutral by planting trees to make up for the greenhouse gas emissions.: 可以通过植树对航空飞行进行碳中和，以抵消温室气体的排放。

This may provide a quick and accurate way of monitoring the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.: 这也许能提供一个监测空气中二氧化碳含量的既快又准的方法。

Both nicotine and carbon monoxide inhaled with cigarette smoking have been incriminated as causative factors.: 抽烟时吸入的尼古丁和一氧化碳都已经被标定为致病因素。

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically to form carbohydrates and fats.: 碳、氢、氧化合形成碳水化合物和脂肪。

Methane is often regarded as the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.: 甲烷常被认为是仅次于二氧化碳的重要温室气体。

carbon

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