首页英语词典cellcell的意思

cell

英 [sel] 美[sɛl]

n. 细胞；电池；蜂房的巢室；单人小室
vi. 住在牢房或小室中
n. (Cell)人名；(英)塞尔

CET4TEM4IELTS考研TOEFLCET6中高频词基本词汇

词态变化

复数: cells;

中文词源

cell 细胞，小室

来自PIE*kel, 隐藏，遮盖，词源同cellar, ceiling, hole. 即隐藏的小室，细胞义因其小室状结构而得名。比较cytology, 细胞学。

英英释意

1. any small compartment;: "the cells of a honeycomb"

2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals

3. a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction

4. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement

5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections (cells), each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver

6. small room is which a monk or nun lives

7. a room where a prisoner is kept

英文词源

cell: cell: [12] Cell has branched out a lot over the centuries, but its original meaning seems to be ‘small secluded room’, for it comes ultimately from an Indo-European base *kel-, which is also the source of English conceal, clandestine, and occult. It came into English either via Old French celle or directly from Latin cella ‘small room, storeroom, inner room of a temple’, and at first was used mainly in the sense ‘small subsidiary monastery’.

It is not until the 14th century that we find it being used for small individual apartments within a monastic building, and the development from this to ‘room in a prison’ came as late as the 18th century. In medieval biology the term was applied metaphorically to bodily cavities, and from the 17th century onwards it began to be used in the more modern sense ‘smallest structural unit of an organism’ (the botanist Nehemiah Grew was apparently the first so to use it, in the 1670s).

A late Latin derivative of cella was cellārium ‘group of cells, storeroom’; this was the source of English cellar [13], via Anglo-Norman celer.
=> apocalypse, cellar, clandestine, conceal, hall, hell, hull, occult
cell (n.): early 12c., "small monastery, subordinate monastery" (from Medieval Latin in this sense), later "small room for a monk or a nun in a monastic establishment; a hermit's dwelling" (c. 1300), from Latin cella "small room, store room, hut," related to Latin celare "to hide, conceal."

The Latin word represents PIE root *kel- (2) "to cover, conceal" (cognates: Sanskrit cala "hut, house, hall;" Greek kalia "hut, nest," kalyptein "to cover," koleon "sheath," kelyphos "shell, husk;" Latin clam "secret;" Old Irish cuile "cellar," celim "hide," Middle Irish cul "defense, shelter;" Gothic hulistr "covering," Old English heolstor "lurking-hole, cave, covering," Gothic huljan "cover over," hulundi "hole," hilms "helmet," halja "hell," Old English hol "cave," holu "husk, pod").

Sense of monastic rooms extended to prison rooms (1722). Used in 14c., figuratively, of brain "compartments;" used in biology by 17c. of various cavities (wood structure, segments of fruit, bee combs), gradually focusing to the modern sense of "basic structure of living organisms" (which OED dates to 1845).

Electric battery sense is from 1828, based on original form. Meaning "small group of people working within a larger organization" is from 1925. Cell body is from 1851; cell division from 1846; cell membrane from 1837 (but cellular membrane is 1732); cell wall from 1842.

同义词辨析

jail, prison, cell

这些名词均有"牢房，监狱"之意。

jail(英国英语拼写为gaol)指收犯轻罪的人或未经判决的人的处所。

prison：指触犯刑律的人被关押的地方，通常指判决后的罪犯居留地。

cell：指单人牢房或几个人合住的小牢房。

考试真题

Lindsey, do you like to text message on your cell phone? Good morning, Mr.Johnson.

These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers.

Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket calculators, and books have all been reported stolen.

"There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says sidney pierce from the University of South Florida.

A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger.

So, Lindsey, do you like to text message on your cell phone?

Cell phones provide instant access to people.

survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone hadimproved their communication with friends

Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer.

In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction.

Cell phonesfoster social connections with peers across time and space

Cell phones also can diminish social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them.

In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents

Students already have laptops and cell phones, of course, but the newest devices can take class distractions to a new level.

Abilene Christian settled on the devices after surveying students and finding that they did not like hauling around their laptops, but that most of them always carried a cell phone, Dr. Dickson said.

Many cell phones allow users to surf the Web, but only some newer ones are capable of wireless connection to the local area computer network.

Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured.

They don't like to associate technology with food," said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology.

Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs.

Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos.

For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body.

It is also critical for socially charged neuroscience issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior, the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, or the use of animal models, areas where the public understand

Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.

Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装) It came in.

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier.

I want to fix my cell phone.

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.

When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say "Sorry?"

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist.

实用场景例句

a terrorist cell: 恐怖分子小组

a photoelectric cell: 光电池

blood cells: 血细胞

the nucleus of a cell: 细胞核

Those cells divide and give many other different types of cells.: 那些细胞分裂，产生出许多不同种类的细胞。

...blood cells...: 血细胞

...Communist Party cells.: 共产党的基层组织

So Instead use sex toy cleanser that can be bought at a sex shop.: 因此,不是使用性玩具,清洁剂,可以买一个性别店.

A voltage is then applied across the cell electrodes.: 然后给电池的正负电极施加电压.

They confined the prisoner in a cell.: 他们把犯人监禁在监狱里.

A warder appeared at the cell door.: 一个看守出现在牢门口.

The reduction in white blood cell counts lowers resistance to disease.: 白细胞总数的减少,会降低对疾病的抵抗力.

The fission of the cell could be inhibited with certain chemicals.: 细胞的裂变可以通过某些化学药品加以抑制.

They have locked the prisoners up in their cell.: 他们已把犯人监禁在小牢房里.

The bed and the toilet were the only furnishings in the tiny cell.: 床和马桶是这小单人禁闭室内惟一的陈设.

There is cholesterol in the cell of body.: 人体细胞里有胆固醇.

The cell is padded.: 这个小房间装有护垫.

the nucleus of a cell: 细胞核

attempts to prevent cancer cell proliferation: 防止癌细胞扩散的努力

a tiny, windowless cell: 一间没有窗户的斗室

Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres.: 3个囚犯关在一个3米长2米宽的小牢房里。

Cannibal killer Jeffrey Dahmer has been caught trying to hide a razor blade in his cell.: 食人杀手杰弗里·达默被抓到试图将一片剃须刀片藏在牢房里。

Smoking triggers off cell proliferation.: 吸烟会引起细胞增生。

You become a rebel if you are banged up in a cell 23 hours a day.: 要是一天23小时被关在一间牢房里，谁都会造反的。

cell

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