certain

• adj. 某一；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的
• pron. 某些；某几个
• n. (Certain)人名；(葡)塞尔塔因；(法)塞尔坦

来自PIE*krei, *sker, 切，分开。词源同crisis, crime, discriminate, shear.

1. definite but not specified or identified;

"set aside a certain sum each week"

"to a certain degree"

"certain breeds do not make good pets"

"certain members have not paid their dues"

"a certain popular teacher"

"a certain Mrs. Jones"

2. having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured;

"felt certain of success"

"was sure (or certain) she had seen it"

"was very sure in his beliefs"

"sure of her friends"

3. established beyond doubt or question; definitely known;

"what is certain is that every effect must have a cause"

"it is certain that they were on the bus"

"his fate is certain"

"the date for the invasion is certain"

4. certain to occur; destined or inevitable;

"he was certain to fail"

"his fate is certain"

"In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes"- Benjamin Franklin

"he faced certain death"

"sudden but sure regret"

"he is sure to win"

5. established irrevocably;

"his fate is sealed"

6. capable of being depended on;

"a quick and certain remedy"

"a sure way to distinguish the two"

"wood dust is a sure sign of termites"

7. exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance;

"be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through"

"be sure to lock the doors"

certain

certain: [13] Certain comes ultimately from Latin certus ‘sure, fixed’, which derived from the past participle of the verb cernere ‘decide’. The Latin adjective was extended in Vulgar Latin to *certānus, which passed into English via Old French certain. Other English words based on certus include certify [14] (from late Latin certificāre) and its derivative certificate, and certitude [15] (from late Latin certitūdō).
=> crime, crisis, decree, discern, discrete, discriminate, excrement, riddle, secret

certain (adj.)

c. 1300, "determined, fixed," from Old French certain "reliable, sure, assured" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *certanus, from Latin certus "sure, fixed, settled, determined" (also source of Italian certo, Spanish cierto), originally a variant past participle of cernere "to distinguish, decide," literally "to sift, separate" (see crisis).

Of persons, "full of confidence in one's knowledge or judgment," from mid-14c. Euphemistic use (of a certain age, etc.) attested from mid-18c. Certainer, certainest were common to c. 1750, but have fallen from proper use for some reason. Expression for certain "assuredly" is attested by early 14c.

sure, certain, definite, positive

这些形容词均含"无疑的，确信的"之意。

sure： 侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。

certain与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。

definite： 指已毫无怀疑的余地。

positive： 语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。

Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition ( ' , 认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Early kites were built for certain uses.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

Any research that suggests that abilities to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial.

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced.

出自-2011年6月听力原文

A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain individuals.

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick.

2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Back in June, the Federal Communications Commission fined AT&T $100 million over accusations that the carrier secretly reduced wireless speeds after customers consumed a certain amount of data.

2017年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: "I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school."

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

In the second experiment meant to pit the mice's hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer but also had food.

2018年6月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some countries.

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Or like speeding, it's very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.

2016年6月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials.

2018年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

These games will get you used to thinking in a certain way.

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it's difficult for other people to break into it, said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year's winning U.S.Math Olympiad team.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The belief that research data is private intellectual propertyThe concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

In fact, they are prescribed and they’regiven at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained.

出自-2016年6月听力原文

Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

They had certain ingredients missing.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

There are certain products andservices that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate.

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

First, we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness, intelligence, popularity, etc.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

On occasions it is the fear that certain disclosures may be unacceptable to family or friends that motivates an individual to seek professional help.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts.

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital book selling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.

出自-2011年6月阅读原文

It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you'll find the solution.

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an insidious (隐伏的) side.

出自-2010年6月阅读原文

Mandelbrot, who did the experiment with stock exchanges prices, for example, noted that although the outcomes were variable, there were in fact certain constancy

出自-2013年6月听力原文

There are certain underlying similarities

出自-2013年6月听力原文

Explain certain natural phenomena.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

It enhances immunity to certain diseases

出自-2013年6月听力原文

Workers have the legal rights to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws: the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act.

出自-2012年12月听力原文

And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein.

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

Flight attendants, firefighters, and police officers have to be over a certain height, and be physically fit.

2017年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it's likely that the 27 climatic envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on—suits it.

2016年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free.

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

I'm certain of it, absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy.

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

In fact, they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who's been trained.

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with "'non-store retailers" like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories.

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers.

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section B

The developing brain, the report says, is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be permanent.

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don't work.

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress- associated proteins and other materials in their tissues.

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies

2016年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown.

2016年高考英语上海卷 语法填空 B 原文

But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

Chimps will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Dig a hole of a certain size.

2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

Explain why the number of certain species has declined.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.

2015年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.

2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.

2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program.

2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

One thing is certain: the truth about love is not yet set in stone.

2015年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His efforts most likely saved the woman's life.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空 原文

The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

They are affected by certain body chemicals.

2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读B 选项

To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should make certain the red light is working.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设

Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.

2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be.

2016年高考英语上海卷 语法填空 B 原文

Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

出自-2009年考研翻译原文

Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

出自-2010年考研阅读原文

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.

出自-2012年考研阅读原文

They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.

出自-2014年考研阅读原文

Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

出自-2015年考研阅读原文

And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well.

2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines.

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their

2020年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.

2020年考研真题（英语一）翻译 Section Ⅲ

The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 per cent.

2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

Are you absolutely certain about this?

你对这事绝对确信无疑吗？

牛津词典

I'm not certain who was there.

我无法确定谁当时在场。

牛津词典

To my certain knowledge he was somewhere else at the time (= I am sure about it) .

我敢肯定他当时在别处。

牛津词典

For certain personal reasons I shall not be able to attend.

由于某种个人原因，我将不能出席。

牛津词典

Certain people might disagree with this.

某些人对这事可能不会赞同。

牛津词典

They refused to release their hostages unless certain conditions were met.

除非某些条件得到满足，否则他们不会释放人质。

牛津词典

It was a certain Dr Davis who performed the operation.

是一位叫戴维斯的医生做的手术。

牛津词典

That's true, to a certain extent .

在一定程度上的确如此。

牛津词典

If you want to be certain of getting a ticket, book now.

要想有把握买到票，现在就得预订。

牛津词典

She wasn't certain (that) he had seen her.

她不敢肯定他见过她。

牛津词典

The climbers face certain death if the rescue today is unsuccessful.

救援行动如果今天不能成功，登山队员必死无疑。

牛津词典

It is certain that they will agree/They are certain to agree.

他们肯定会同意。

牛津词典

She looks certain to win an Oscar.

看来奥斯卡金像奖非她莫属。

牛津词典

You owe a certain person a sum of money...

你欠某人一笔钱。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They'll have to give up completely on certain of their studies.

他们将不得不彻底放弃某些研究。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She managed to arrange for them to be hidden in the house of a certain Father Boduen.

她设法安排他们藏在一个叫博迪恩的神父家里。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

That was the very reason why he felt a certain bitterness...

那就是为什么他感到有些痛苦。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There is a certain impatience among some of the soldiers...

有些士兵有点儿不耐烦。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There will be certain people who'll say 'I told you so!'...

一定有人会说：“我怎么跟你说来着！”

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is certain that Rodney arrived the previous day.

罗德尼肯定是头天到的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He had been there four times to my certain knowledge.

我确定他去过那儿4次。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She couldn't know what time he'd go, or even for certain that he'd go at all...

她不知道他何时走，就连他到底走不走都说不准。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Hill had to find out for certain.

希尔得弄个清楚。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Firstly, they must make certain that their pension needs are adequately catered for...

首先，他们得确保他们能获得足够的养老金。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

To make extra certain, a police helicopter kept watch from the skies.

为确保万无一失，一架警用直升机一直在空中警戒。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

One thing is certain, both have the utmost respect for each other...

有一点可以肯定，那就是双方都非常尊重对方。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

We are not certain whether the appendix had already burst or not...

我们不敢肯定阑尾是否已经破裂。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

However, the scheme is certain to meet opposition from fishermen's leaders...

然而，这项计划一定会遭到渔民领袖的反对。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It's not certain they'll accept the Front's candidate if he wins...

即便来自阵线的候选人获胜，他们能否接受他还说不准。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She's absolutely certain she's going to make it in the world...

她坚信自己会出人头地。

柯林斯高阶英语词典