chief

• n. 首领；酋长；主要部分
• adj. 首席的；主要的；主任的
• adv. 主要地；首要地

来自词根cap, 头，词源同captain, chef.

1. a person who is in charge;

"the head of the whole operation"

2. a person who exercises control over workers;

"if you want to leave early you have to ask the foreman"

chief

chief: [13] Etymologically, the chief is the ‘head’. The word comes via Old French chef or chief and Vulgar Latin *capum from Latin caput ‘head’. The adjectival use is equally as old as the noun use in English. Other English offshoots of *capum are cape and, via the diminutive form *capitellus, cadet, and it also forms the basis of achieve.

The form which has come through into modern French is, of course, chef, which entered English in the sense ‘cook’ (short for chef de cuisine ‘head of the kitchen’) in the 19th century. Chieftain [14] comes via Old French chevetaine from late Latin capitāneus (a derivative of caput ‘head’), which was later reborrowed as captain.
=> achieve, cadet, cape, captain, chef

chief (adj.)

c. 1300, "highest in rank or power; most important or prominent; supreme, best," from Old French chief "chief, principal, first" (10c., Modern French chef), from Vulgar Latin *capum (also source of Spanish and Portuguese cabo, Italian capo, Provençal cap), from Latin caput "head," also "leader, guide, chief person; summit; capital city" (see capitulum).

chief (n.)

c. 1300, "head, leader, captain; the principal or most important part of anything;" from Old French chief "leader, ruler, head" of something, "capital city" (10c., Modern French chef), from Vulgar Latin *capum, from Latin caput "head," also "leader, chief person; summit; capital city" (see capitulum). Meaning "head of a clan" is from 1570s; later extended to American Indian tribes. Commander-in-chief attested from 1660s.

chief, head, leader, boss

这些名词都指"拥有权力或统治权的人"。

chief： 最广泛用词，上可指最高统治者，下可指顶头上司，即可指任何一级的头头。

head： 多指一个机构或团体等的负责人或最高首长。

leader： 指国家、民族、政党、组织等的领导或领袖。强调领导能力、含有能够引导、指导、控制被领导者并获得其支持的意味。

boss： 非正式用词，多作口语用，可指任何负责人，也可指经理、老板或工头。

chief, principal, main, major, leading, capital, foremost, primary

这些形容词均含有"首要的，主要的"之意。

chief： 指人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高。

principal： 用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。

main： 通常只用于物。指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其它物。

major： 指同其他人或其它物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出。

leading： 侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。

capital： 着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。

foremost： 侧重指在行进或发展过程中居首位。

primary： 通常不用于人。用于物时，指在重要性方面占第一位。

It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Median (中位数的) pay for chief executives of Sfor chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

In March its chief executive was fired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

In March, General Motors' chief executive was fired by Mr Obama for poor management

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy （嬉皮士）, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

This week's announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

one of the greatest chief executives of his time  

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

It is the chief cause of family disputes.

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always are apart and alone, they replied, "Because it is right.

出自-2013年12月听力原文

What is the man's chief consideration in choosing the lodge?

出自-2012年6月听力原文

airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

However, Dr Mehmood Khan,chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was "committed to sustaining investment", adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales.

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

Just hours earlier, Uganda's police chief had warned of possible Christmas- time attacks by Somali rebels.

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

Mike Ellicock,chief executive of National Numeracy said we want to challenge this "I can't do maths" attitude that is prevalent in the UK, adding that it was vital that all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts as young children who fail t

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property.

2016年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

About 80% of our company's year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls ( ' , 短缺) in cold-weather goods, said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

You can see that we're here to stay, said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come, said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association ( ' , CTA).

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard ( ' , 暴风雪) in late November.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

The University of Maryland at College Park is proceeding cautiously, giving the iPhone or iPod Touch to 150 students, said Jeffrey Huskamp, vice president and chief information officer at the university.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

What is the chief purpose of all the countermeasures taken

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Soon after I arrived, the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise.

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?

出自-2011年6月阅读原文

A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe

出自-2011年6月阅读原文

It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.

出自-2011年6月阅读原文

I think they see the role models of the chief positions in the school being held by women.

出自-2013年12月听力原文

Its chief positions are held by women

出自-2013年12月听力原文

Methane has become the chief source of greenhouse gas.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

"About 80% of our company's year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release.

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry," said Kevin wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting.

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

"There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come," said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association CT.

2016年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

"We do weather monitoring here and other research."ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (暴风雪) in late November.

2016年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Andy Holder—the chief economist at The Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency.

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

In an interview last year with The Economist, George Whitesides, chief executive of space-tourism firm virgin Galactic, was placing his company in the latter category.

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

In the other comer is the world's most valuable company, whose chief executive, timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the court's order.

2017年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Sara Greenstein, Underwriters Laboratories' chief strategy officer, offered her interpretation of the survey results, "Innovation is too fast only if corners are cut.

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company jibo.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

The chief prize for the stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项

Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

出自-2009年考研翻译原文

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

The basic compact underlying representative government, wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

"They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says birgit Klohs, chief executive of The right Place, a business development agency for western michigan.

2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

"This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem," says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

2018年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

"Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan kiat How, chief executive of a singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of ai.

2020年考研真题（英语一）翻译 Section Ⅲ

Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO.

2011年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.

2013年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Whenever decisions are based on masses of data,  "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan kiat How, chief executive of a singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.

2020年考研真题（英语一）翻译 Section Ⅲ

the chief cause/problem/reason

主要原因 / 问题 / 理由

牛津词典

one of the President's chief rivals

总统的主要政敌之一

牛津词典

the Chief Education Officer

首席教育官

牛津词典

the chief financial officer of the company

公司的首席财务官

牛津词典

Detective Chief Inspector Williams

探长威廉斯

牛津词典

commander-in-chief

总司令

牛津词典

army/industry/police chiefs

部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长

牛津词典

Chief Buthelezi

布特莱齐酋长

牛津词典

Chief Crazy Horse

“疯马”酋长

牛津词典

...a commission appointed by the police chief.

警察局局长任命的委员会

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...Putin's chief of security.

普金的安全部长

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...Sitting Bull, chief of the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains.

坐牛，大平原地区苏人部族的酋长

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the chief test pilot.

首席试飞员

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Financial stress is well established as a chief reason for divorce...

经济压力被确认是导致离婚的首要原因。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The job went to one of his chief rivals.

那份工作被他的一个主要对手抢去了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The chief criminals shall be punished without fail, those who are accomplices under duress shall go unpunished and those who perform deeds of merIt'shall be rewarded.

首恶必办, 胁从不问,立功受奖.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

Singing is her chief delight.

唱歌是她的主要爱好.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

Peanuts now outrank cotton as the chief crop.

如今花生是比棉花更重要的主要产品.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The gang chief went everywhere accompanied by his henchman.

那流氓头子到什么地方都有手下的狗腿子跟着.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The chief engineer is very busy and can't be in attendance at today's meeting.

总工程师太忙了,不能出席今天的会议.

《简明英汉词典》

His chief playmate was his dog.

他的主要玩伴是他的狗.

《简明英汉词典》

He gave the name of the chief culprit.

他供出了主犯的名字.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

His chief worry was that he might fail.

他最焦虑的是他可能不及格.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The Chief Justice gave his judgement the week before.

首席法官于前一周做出判决.

《简明英汉词典》