civil

• adj. 公民的；民间的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的
• n. (Civil)人名；(土)吉维尔；(法)西维尔

来自拉丁语civilis,市民的，来自civis,市民，来自PIE*kei,躺，休息，词源同home,city.

1. applying to ordinary citizens;

"civil law"

"civil authorities"

2. not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others;

"even if he didn't like them he should have been civil"- W.S. Maugham

3. of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state;

"civil affairs"

"civil strife"

"civil disobediece"

"civil branches of government"

4. of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals;

"civil rights"

"civil liberty"

"civic duties"

"civic pride"

5. (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life;

"the civil calendar"

"a civil day begins at mean midnight"

6. of or in a condition of social order;

"civil peoples"

civil

civil: [14] Latin cīvis ‘citizen’ had two adjectival derivatives which have passed into English: cīvicus, source of civic [16], and cīvīlis, from which, via Old French, we get civil. Of its derivatives, civility [14] comes from Latin cīvīlitās, but civilize [17] and civilian [14] are French creations.
=> civilize, city

civil (adj.)

late 14c., "relating to civil law or life; pertaining to the internal affairs of a state," from Old French civil "civil, relating to civil law" (13c.) and directly from Latin civilis "relating to a citizen, relating to public life, befitting a citizen," hence by extension "popular, affable, courteous;" alternative adjectival derivation of civis "townsman" (see city).

The sense of "polite" was in classical Latin, from the courteous manners of citizens, as opposed to those of soldiers. But English did not pick up this nuance of the word until late 16c. "Courteous is thus more commonly said of superiors, civil of inferiors, since it implies or suggests the possibility of incivility or rudeness" [OED]. Civil case (as opposed to criminal) is recorded from 1610s. Civil liberty is by 1640s. Civil service is from 1772, originally in reference to the East India Company.

polite, civil, courteous

这些形容词均含"礼貌的，客气的"之意。

polite： 普通常用词，指言论举止无论何时均严谨有礼，很有教养。

civil语气弱于polite，着重只达到社交的一般要求，避免粗鲁。

courteous： 指言谈举止典雅，谦恭有礼，更侧重考虑他人的感情与尊严。

Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK, he says.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

"Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change...and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK," he says.

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a proclamation setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels.

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El nino's harmful effects.

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Chris lewis will explain how brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early "civil engineers".

2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.

出自-2012年考研阅读原文

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.

出自-2012年考研阅读原文

Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.

2017年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter although a working group at the International civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new ope

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

She greeted him civilly but with no sign of affection.

她礼貌地向他打招呼，但没有一丝爱意。

牛津词典

a civil marriage ceremony

非宗教仪式的结婚典礼

牛津词典

a civil court

民事法庭

牛津词典

civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people within a country)

民众的骚乱

牛津词典

...civil unrest.

国内骚乱

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the US civil aviation industry.

美国民用航空业

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They were married on August 9 in a civil ceremony in Venice.

他们于8月9号在威尼斯举行了世俗婚礼。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...Jewish civil and religious law.

犹太民法和宗教法

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a United Nations covenant on civil and political rights.

联合国公民和政治权利公约

柯林斯高阶英语词典

As visitors, the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land.

作为来访者，我们最起码能做到的就是对当地人要彬彬有礼。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He said a civil good morning.

他彬彬有礼地道了声早安.

《简明英汉词典》

The announcement led to violent civil disorders.

这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱.

《简明英汉词典》

People are predicting civil unrest in the area.

人们预言该地区将发生动乱.

《简明英汉词典》

Civil court proceedings are notoriously slow.

民事诉讼程序的耗时长是无人不知的.

《简明英汉词典》

The period from the War of Independence to the Civil War is the babyhood of the United States.

从独立战争到内战这个时期是美国的婴儿期.

《简明英汉词典》

One source of recruitment is the civil service.

政府文职部门是招聘的部门之一.

《简明英汉词典》

Man is a civil creature.

人是文明的动物.

《简明英汉词典》

Voting is the exercise of a civil right.

投票是行使一项公民权利.

《简明英汉词典》

He made a very civil bow to me.

他对我彬彬有礼地鞠了一躬.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

civil servants who seem to think the world ends north of Watford

似乎把沃特福德以北当作天涯海角的公务员

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

The strike has taken on overtones of a civil rights campaign.

罢工带上了民权运动的意味。

柯林斯例句

The country had witnessed scenes of tumult not far removed from civil war.

这个国家经历了无异于内战的动乱局势。

柯林斯例句

The Channel Tunnel project is the biggest civil engineering project in Europe.

英吉利海峡隧道是欧洲最大的土木工程。

柯林斯例句

He had been opposed by a coalition of about 50 civil rights, women's and Latino organizations.

大约有50个民权组织、女性社团和拉丁裔社团联合起来反对他。

柯林斯例句

A former Finance Minister and five senior civil servants are accused of fraud.

一名前财政大臣和五名高级公务员被指控诈骗。

柯林斯例句

For two decades the country has been ravaged by civil war and foreign intervention.

20年来，这个国家一直被内战外侵所蹂躏。

柯林斯例句

They have purged thousands from the upper levels of the civil service.

他们从上层文职部门清除了上千名公务员。

柯林斯例句

The real danger is civil unrest in the east of the country.

真正的危险是该国东部地区的民众动乱。

柯林斯例句