cochineal

• n. [昆] 胭脂虫；[染料] 胭脂虫红

来自拉丁词coccum, 浆果，红莓，词源同coccus,小干果，球菌。指一种古代用来培植颜料的红色小虫，因形似红色浆果而得名。

1. a red dyestuff consisting of dried bodies of female cochineal insects

2. Mexican red scale insect that feeds on cacti; the source of a red dye

cochineal

cochineal: [16] Cochineal ‘red dye’ comes via French cochenille from Old Spanish cochinilla, a term applied both to the dye and to the small insect related to the mealybugs, from whose dried body it is made. It is generally thought to be a derivative of Latin coccinus ‘scarlet’, which in turn came from Greek kokkinos, a derivative of kókos, the Greek term for the cochineal insect (the word originally meant ‘berry, seed’ – it was applied to various bacteria, such as streptococcus and staphylococcus, because of their spherical seedlike shape – and it was thought in ancient times that the dried body of the insect was a berry).
=> staphylococcus, streptococcus

cochineal (n.)

1580s, from French cochenille (16c.), probably from Spanish cochinilla, from a diminutive of Latin coccinus (adj.) "scarlet-colored," from coccum "berry (actually an insect) yielding scarlet dye" (see kermes). But some sources identify the Spanish source word as cochinilla "wood louse" (a diminutive form related to French cochon "pig").

The insect (Coccus Cacti) lives on the prickly pear cactus in Mexico and Central America and is a relative of the kermes and has similar, but more intense, dying qualities. Aztecs and other Mexican Indians used it as a dyestuff. It first is mentioned in Europe in 1523 in Spanish correspondence to Hernán Cortés in Mexico. Specimens were brought to Spain in the 1520s, and cloth merchants in Antwerp were buying cochineal in insect and powdered form in Spain by the 1540s. It soon superseded the use of kermes as a tinetorial substance. Other species of coccus are useless for dye and considered mere pests, such as the common mealy bug.

The colors include satin , matt & cochineal colors.

粉调分为光影色 、 影色 和 胭脂色.

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This subject use cochineal as raw material, red pigment composition of extraction and purification systems - depth study.

本论文较系统研究了以胭脂虫为原料制备胭脂虫红色素的工艺过程.

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Cochineal insects have a long utilization history as a natural insect pigment resource.

胭脂虫是一种利用历史悠久的资源昆虫,可加工生产胭脂虫红和胭脂红酸等色素.

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