craft

• n. 工艺；手艺；太空船
• vt. 精巧地制作
• n. (Craft)人名；(英、德、罗)克拉夫特

原义为力量，强健，词源同hard, democracy. 现词义主要为工艺，技术，来自PIE*sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, crib. 比较texture, technology.

1. the skilled practice of a practical occupation;

"he learned his trade as an apprentice"

2. a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space

3. people who perform a particular kind of skilled work;

"he represented the craft of brewers"

"as they say in the trade"

4. skill in an occupation or trade

5. shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception

craft

craft: [OE] The original notion contained in the word craft is that of ‘strength’ (that is the meaning of its relatives in other Germanic languages, such as German and Swedish kraft). Old English croeft had that sense too (it had largely died out by the 16th century), but it had also developed some other meanings, which are not shared by its Germanic cognates: ‘skill’, for example (in a bad as well as a good sense, whence crafty) and ‘trade’ or ‘profession’.

Much later in origin, however (17th-century in fact), is the sense ‘ship’. It is not clear how this developed, but it may have been a shortening of some such expression as ‘vessel of the sailor’s craft’ (that is, ‘trade’). The word’s Germanic stem was *krab- or *kraf-, which some have seen also as the source of crave [OE].
=> crave

craft (n.)

Old English cræft (West Saxon, Northumbrian), -creft (Kentish), originally "power, physical strength, might," from Proto-Germanic *krab-/*kraf- (cognates: Old Frisian kreft, Old High German chraft, German Kraft "strength, skill;" Old Norse kraptr "strength, virtue"). Sense expanded in Old English to include "skill, dexterity; art, science, talent" (via a notion of "mental power"), which led by late Old English to the meaning "trade, handicraft, calling," also "something built or made." The word still was used for "might, power" in Middle English.

Use for "small boat" is first recorded 1670s, probably from a phrase similar to vessels of small craft and referring either to the trade they did or the seamanship they required, or perhaps it preserves the word in its original sense of "power."

craft (v.)

Old English cræftan "to exercise a craft, build," from the same source as craft (n.). Meaning "to make skilfully" is from early 15c., obsolete from 16c., but revived c. 1950s, largely in U.S. advertising and commercial senses. Related: Crafted; crafting.

boat, ship, canoe, steamer, vessel, craft

这些名词均含有"船"之意。

boat： 泛指任何大小的船只，尤指靠划桨或风帆行进的无篷小船。

ship： 含义广，一般指大轮船，如航海船只，内河航运船只。

canoe： 指长而轻，用桨的小舟、独木船。

steamer： 指靠蒸汽发动机为动力的船只。

vessel： 多指运货或运人的大船。

craft： 船只的集合名词，但可指单独的船只。

skill, art, craft

这些名词均含"技艺，技巧"之意。

skill： 语气较强，指某人具有专门知识，精通业务，而且经验丰富又很熟悉。

art： 最普通用词，侧重指某人完成某项工作的能力或操作技巧。

craft和art同义，指手脚灵巧，有技术和技能。

Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

When a group of craftsmen expands to include more members, a small craft organization is formed.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, crafts marketing techniques, crafts fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

State arts councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers.

出自-2016年12月听力原文

Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats.

出自-2011年6月阅读原文

A 2009 University of British Columbia study of women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking?

2015年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

It takes many hours to craft a single sign.

2018年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; It is not something that just anyone can be good at.

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

It has just built a craft for commercial flights.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

In July, a sister craft of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality ( ' , 心态 ).

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

But more recently, companies have begun to plan more affordable After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic's founder, had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Thus talking came first;writing is just a craft that came along later.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

It is crafted with specific skills.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

However,while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and……" No one talks like that casually — or should

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

Traditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Manufacturing's shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation's assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Craft work has higher status in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship (学徒) programs for high school students.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Corporations in Germany realized that there was an interest to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home; we never had that ethos (风气)," says Richard Sennett, a New York University sociologist who has written about the connection of craft and culture

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

Compared with that in America, the status of craft work in Germany is higher.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

After being dogged by technical delays for years, sir Richard Branson, virgin Galactic's founder, had recently suggested that a Spaceship Two craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk.

2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others pouring money into jetpacks(喷气飞行背包).

2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.

2017年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views less fully intellectualized.

出自-2009年考研阅读原文

But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

出自-2014年考研阅读原文

These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.

出自-2015年考研翻译原文

Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.

2018年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.

2013年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

traditional crafts like basket-weaving

像编篮子之类的传统工艺

牛津词典

a craft fair/workshop

手工艺品交易会 / 制作车间

牛津词典

Craft, Design and Technology (= a subject in some British schools)

工艺、设计与技术（英国某些学校中的科目）

牛津词典

chefs who learned their craft in top hotels

在高级饭店学过烹调技艺的厨师

牛津词典

the writer's craft

写作技巧

牛津词典

He knew how to win by craft and diplomacy what he could not gain by force.

他擅长于通过计谋和外交手腕赢得他用武力无法得到的东西。

牛津词典

Hundreds of small craft bobbed around the liner as it steamed into the harbour.

班轮驶进港口时，周围的许多小船颠簸起来。

牛津词典

a landing/pleasure craft

登陆 / 游艇

牛津词典

All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.

所有的家具均采用天然材料精心制作而成。

牛津词典

a carefully crafted speech

精心准备的讲话

牛津词典

The windows would probably have been crafted in the latter part of the Middle Ages...

这些窗户很可能是中世纪后期精心制作的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Many delegates were willing to craft a compromise...

很多代表都想要制订出一个周密的折中方案。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The troops are reported to have advanced nearly four miles since they were landed from naval craft on Sunday evening.

据报道，部队自周日晚离开海军军舰登陆后已经挺进了将近4英里。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the arts and crafts of the North American Indians...

北美印第安人的手工艺

柯林斯高阶英语词典

All kinds of traditional craft industries are preserved here.

这里保留着各种各样的传统手工业。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the craft of writing...

写作技巧

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Maurice Murphy, one of the country's leading classical trumpeters, learnt his craft with the Black Dyke Mills band.

作为该国最著名的古典小号演奏家，莫里斯·墨菲曾师从黑堤磨坊铜管乐团。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

With great difficulty, the fisherman manoeuvred his small craft close to the reef...

渔夫费了很大的劲才把他的小船划到暗礁旁。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is what we might call craft, although it meant more than simple handiwork.

我们可以称之为手工艺, 尽管其含义远远大于简单的手工劳动.

期刊摘选

We produce all kinds of fashion jewelry & art craft made of Tutania, Copper, Diamond.

工厂主要生产以锡合金 、 铜 、 水钻等为材料的流行珠宝饰品 和 工艺品.

期刊摘选

Weaving was the town's chief craft.

纺织是该镇的主要行业.

《简明英汉词典》

Industry in order to craft the main products are cork paintings, bottle King, Christmas gifts, products.

工业以工艺品为主,产品有软木画 、 瓶景 、 圣诞礼品 、 木制品等.

期刊摘选

Gifts Articles, Toy and Games, Wooden Toys , Puzzles , Craft Kits.

采购产品礼品, 玩具和游戏, 木制的玩具,智力玩具, 手艺装备.

期刊摘选

Our company is a craft gift manufacturer and incorporate designing, producing, selling into an organic whole.

我司是一家及设计研发, 生产销售于一体的工艺品制造商.

期刊摘选

These craft, when reaching a certain speed, plane on the flat after sections of their hull.

当达到一定速度时, 这类船以船身后部平坦部分滑行.

期刊摘选