cram

• adj. 填鸭式学的
• vi. 狼吞虎咽地吃东西；死记硬背功课
• vt. 填满，塞满；死记硬背；猛吃
• n. 死记硬背；极度拥挤
• n. (Cram)人名；(英、德)克拉姆

来自PIE*ger, 围，集中，词源同cramp, gregarious.

1. crowd or pack to capacity;

"the theater was jampacked"

2. put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled;

"cram books into the suitcase"

3. study intensively, as before an exam;

"I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam"

4. prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam

cram

cram: [OE] Prehistoric Germanic had a base *kram-, *krem- which denoted ‘compression’ or ‘bending’. Among its descendants were Old Norse kremja ‘squeeze, pinch’, German krumm ‘crooked’ (source of English crumhorn [17], a curved Renaissance musical instrument), and Old English crammian (ancestor of cram), which meant ‘press something into something else, stuff’.

An extension of the base with p (*kramp-, *kremp-) produced Middle Low German and Middle Dutch krampe ‘bent’, one or other of which was borrowed by Old French as crampe and passed on to English as cramp [14] (crampon [15] comes from a related source). Other products of the Germanic base were Old English crumb ‘crooked’, a possible ancestor of crumpet, and perhaps crimp [17].

A nonnasalized version of the base produced Germanic *krappon ‘hook’, source of grape and grapnel.
=> crampon, crimp, crumhorn, crumpet, grape, grapnel

cram (v.)

Old English crammian "press something into something else," from Proto-Germanic *kram-/*krem- (cognates: Old High German krimman "to press, pinch," Old Norse kremja "to squeeze, pinch"), from PIE root *ger- "to gather" (see gregarious). Meaning "study intensely for an exam" originally was British student slang first recorded 1803. Related: Crammed; cramming.

He crammed eight people into his car.

他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。

牛津词典

I could never cram in all that she does in a day.

我可做不了她在一天之内做的事情。

牛津词典

I managed to cram down a few mouthfuls of food.

我好歹狼吞虎咽地吃了几口东西。

牛津词典

Supporters crammed the streets.

街上挤满了支持者。

牛津词典

We all managed to cram into his car.

我们大家好歹都挤进了他的车。

牛津词典

He's been cramming for his exams all week.

他整个星期都一直在拼命准备应考。

牛津词典

I crammed on my cap again, helped the Duke up and tried to dust him off.

我重新戴上帽子，扶公爵起身并掸去他身上的土。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was cramming for her Economics exam...

她正在为应付经济学考试临阵磨枪。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

While nobody was looking, she squashed her school hat and crammed it into a wastebasket...

趁没人看见，她把校帽弄扁塞进了废纸篓。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I crammed my bag full of swimsuits and T-shirts and caught the sleeper down to Beziers...

我把泳衣和T恤衫塞进包里，乘卧铺前往贝济耶。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

We crammed into my car and set off...

我们挤进我的车子，然后出发了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Friends and admirers crammed the chapel at the small Los Angeles cemetery where Monroe is buried.

朋友和仰慕者们挤进安葬梦露的洛杉矶小公墓的教堂里。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The room's full; we can't cram any more people in.

屋里满满的, 再也挤不进去人了.

辞典例句

A NEW PARASITIC NEMATODE OF THE FAMILY HELIGMOSOMATIDAE CRAM , 1927 ( TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA )

绕体科寄生线虫一新种—— ( 毛圆目:绕体科 )

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How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

怎样可以将一只蛤蜊塞进一个洁面霜的罐?

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If you study all the semester, you won't need to cram for the examination.

假如你整学期都很用功, 你就不需要在考试前抱佛脚.

辞典例句

We just find some food to cram ourselves.

我们随便找点东西填填肚子吧.

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Cram laughed at the Judge. That counted against him.

克拉姆嘲笑法官，那对他是不利的。

辞典例句

He had to cram them all together.

他只好把这些全挤在一堆.

辞典例句

Most students often go to cram schools, and they have to study very hard.

大部分的学生常常去补习班, 而且他们必须非常用功读书.

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Many students often go to cram schools and they to very hard.

很多学生常常去补习班,而且他们必须非常用功.

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Idioms are crystallizations of a nation � � s wisdom and the cram of its language.

习语是一个民族智慧的结晶,是语言中的精华.

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Do not " cram " for the exams.

对考试不要 灌 得太满.

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I have to cram all night for tomorrow's exams.

为了明天的考试,我得熬夜临阵磨枪.

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The student had to cram for her history test.

那个学生为了历史考试不得不努力啃书.

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The case is small; we can't cram any more papers in.

这个箱子小, 再也塞不进文件了.

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There was such a cram in the church.

教堂里拥挤得要命.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The results that the farmer works hard one year, only enough cram oneself with food.

农民辛劳一年的收获, 仅够填饱肚子.

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