cross

• n. 交叉，十字；十字架，十字形物
• vi. 交叉；杂交；横过
• vt. 杂交；渡过；使相交
• adj. 交叉的，相反的；乖戾的；生气的

来自拉丁词crux, 十字架，刑罚用具，来自PIE*sker，弯，转，词源同ring,curve.

1. a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

2. marking consisting of crossing lines

3. a cross as an emblem of Christianity; used in heraldry

4. any affliction that causes great suffering;

"that is his cross to bear"

"he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns"

5. an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species;

"a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey"

6. (genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids

cross

cross: [OE] When the Anglo-Saxons embraced Christianity they acquired cros, in the first instance from Old Irish cross. The word’s ultimate source was Latin crux, which may have been of Phoenician origin (although some have connected it with Latin curvus ‘bent’). (Crux itself was borrowed into English in the 18th century.) The cross’s shape formed the basis of the adjectival, adverbial, and verbal uses of the word, and also of across. (The notion of ‘crossing’ also lies behind cruise [17] a probable borrowing from the Dutch kruisen ‘cross’.) Derivatives of the Latin word include crucial [18], crucible [15], crucifix [13] (from late Latin crucifixus, literally ‘fixed to a cross’), crusade [16], and excruciate [16].
=> crucial, crucible, crucifix, crusade, excruciate

cross (n.)

Old English cros "instrument of Christ's crucifixion; symbol of Christianity" (mid-10c.), from Old Irish cros, probably via Scandinavian, from Latin crux (accusative crucem, genitive crucis) "stake, cross" on which criminals were impaled or hanged (originally a tall, round pole); hence, figuratively, "torture, trouble, misery." The word is possibly of Phoenician origin. Replaced Old English rood.

Also from Latin crux are Italian croce, French croix, Spanish and Portuguese cruz, Dutch kruis, German Kreuz.

By c. 1200 as "ornamental likeness of the cross, something resembling or in the form of a cross; sign of the cross made with the right hand or with fingers." From mid-14c. as "small cross with a human figure attached; a crucifix;" late 14c. as "outdoor structure or monument in the form of a cross." Also late 14c. as "a cross formed by two lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles; the shape of a cross without regard to religious signification." From late 12c. as a surname.

From c. 1200 in the figurative sense "the burden of a Christian; suffering; a trial or affliction; penance in Christ's name," from Matt. x.38, xvi.24, etc. Theological sense "crucifixion and death of Christ as a necessary part of his mission" is from late 14c.

As "a mixing of breeds in the production of animals" from 1760, hence broadly "a mixture of the characteristics of two different things." In pugilism, 1906, from the motion of the blow (1880s as a verb; cross-counter (n.) is from 1883).

cross (adj.)

developed in early Modern English from the adverb (see cross (adv.)). Earliest sense is "falling athwart, lying athwart the main direction" (1520s). Meaning "intersecting, lying athwart each other" is from c. 1600.

Sense of "adverse, opposed, contrary, opposite" is from 1560s; of persons, "peevish, ill-tempered," from 1630s, probably from the earlier senses of "contrary, athwart," especially with reference to winds and sailing ships. A 19c. emphatic form was cross as two sticks (1807), punning on the verb.

Cross-purposes "contradictory intentions" is from 1660s. Cross-legged is from 1520s; cross-grained is from 1670s of wood; as "opposed in nature or temper" from 1640s.

cross (v.)

c. 1200, "make the sign of a cross," from cross (n.) and in part from French croiser. Sense of "to go across, pass from side to side of, pass over" is from c. 1400; that of "to cancel by drawing crossed lines over" is from mid-15c.

From late 14c. as "lie across; intersect;" also "place (two things) crosswise of each other; lay one thing across another." From early 15c. as "mark a cross on." Also in Middle English in now-archaic sense "crucify" (mid-14c.), hence, figuratively, crossed "carrying a cross of affliction or penance." Meaning "thwart, obstruct, hinder, oppose" is from 1550s; that of "cause to interbreed" is from 1754. In telegraphy, electricity, etc., in reference to accidental contact of two wires on different circuits or different parts of a circuit that allows part of the current to flow from one to the other, from 1884. Meaning "to cheat" is by 1823.

Cross my heart as a vow is from 1898. To cross over as euphemistic for "to die" is from 1930. To cross (someone's) path is from 1818. Of ideas, etc., to cross (someone's) mind is from 1768; the notion is of something entering the mind as if passing athwart it. Related: Crossed; crossing.

cross (adv.)

c. 1400, "to the side," from on cros, variant of across.

Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally.

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross functional teams.

2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had beer touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross.

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems.

出自-2015年12月听力原文

The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Ederle in 1926.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green,about a broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey.

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

On day 3 we cross into Belgium.

2018年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.

2016年高考英语北京卷 完形填空 原文

One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck going over a fence—which wasn't hard to climb if you had both arms.

2016年高考英语全国卷3 完形填空 原文

One chilly night when I was hiking in the rocky mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper to sleeper.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces became untied.

2018年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the des moines river, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across honey creek.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser.

2017年高考英语浙江卷（11月） 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere.

2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights.

2017年高考英语浙江卷（11月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America.

出自-2015年考研翻译原文

Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be sel

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

She wore a small gold cross on a chain around her neck.

她脖子上戴了一条项链，上面挂着个金的小十字架。

牛津词典

Those who could not write signed with a cross.

不会写字的人画十字代替签名。

牛津词典

Sign your name on the form where I've put a cross.

在表格上我打叉的地方签上你的名字。

牛津词典

Put a tick if the answer is correct and a cross if it's wrong.

答案正确打钩，错误打叉。

牛津词典

I've put a cross on the map to show where the hotel is.

我已在地图上打叉标出了旅馆的位置。

牛津词典

The women are cross and bored...

这个女人很生气，烦透了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I'm terribly cross with him...

我很生他的气。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The Army boys had personnel carriers blockading the cross streets.

陆军士兵用运兵车封锁了十字路口。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Le Tissier hit an accurate cross to Groves.

勒蒂西耶将球准确地横传给了格罗夫斯。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

'Ha!' It was a cross between a laugh and a bark...

“哈！”那声音听起来既像在笑又像在叫。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It was a lovely dog. It was a cross between a collie and a golden retriever.

那条狗可爱极了，是柯利牧羊犬和金毛猎犬的杂交品种。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

If you ever cross him, forget it, you're finished.

如果你曾经跟他作过对，就别想了，你没戏了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Pop crossed his arms over his chest and watched us...

波普叉着胳膊看着我们。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a crossed cheque.

画线支票

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if lost in deep thought...

吉尔盘着腿，一个拳头支着下巴，仿佛陷入了沉思。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Cheques/postal orders should be crossed and made payable to Newmarket Promotions.

应在支票/邮政汇票上画线，并使之可用于新市场促销活动的支付。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Put a tick next to those activities you like and a cross next to those you dislike.

在你喜欢的活动旁打钩，在不喜欢的活动旁画叉。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

My wife is much cleverer than me; it is a cross I have to bear.

妻子比我聪明很多，这让我很难接受。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

'Holy Mother of God!' Marco crossed himself.

“圣母啊！”马尔科画着十字说道。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He solemnly made the sign of the cross...

他庄重地画了个十字。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Round her neck was a cross on a silver chain...

她脖子上戴着一条银项链，上面挂着个十字架。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

A faint smile crossed his lips.

他嘴唇上掠过一丝微笑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Berg tilts his head and a mischievous look crosses his face...

伯格侧着头，脸上掠过一丝调皮的神情。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the intersection where Main and Center streets cross...

主街和中心街的交叉路口

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is near where the pilgrimage route crosses the road to Quimper.

那儿离朝圣之路与通往坎佩尔的道路的交叉路口很近。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I normally never write into magazines but Mr Stubbs has finally crossed the line...

我向来不给杂志写信，但是斯塔布斯先生最后做得太过火了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

No party is entitled to a seat in the new parliament unless it gets at least 5 per cent of the vote. Many will fail to cross that threshold.

任何政党只有获得至少5%的选票才能够在新一届议会中获得一个席位。很多政党都过不了这个门槛。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The Defford to Eckington road crosses the river half a mile outside Eckington.

从迪福德到埃金顿的路穿过那条距埃金顿半英里的河。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road...

她过马路时没注意看，负有部分责任。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Nine Albanians have crossed the border into Greece and asked for political asylum...

9名阿尔巴尼亚人穿过边境进入希腊境内并寻求政治避难。

柯林斯高阶英语词典