crust

• n. 地壳；外壳；面包皮；坚硬外皮
• vi. 结硬皮；结成外壳
• vt. 盖以硬皮；在…上结硬皮

来自PIE*kreus,冷冻，结晶，词源同crystal,cryogenic.原指由冷冻形成的硬壳。

1. the outer layer of the Earth

2. a hard outer layer that covers something

3. the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

crust

crust: [14] Latin crusta meant ‘hard outer covering, shell’ (it is related to a number of words, including ultimately crystal, denoting a hard surface caused by freezing). Old French acquired it as crouste (the modern French form croûte formed the basis of croûton, borrowed into English in the early 19th century), and passed it on to Middle English as cruste. Crusta formed the basis of the modern Latin adjective crustāceus ‘having a shell’, applied in the early 19th century to the crustacea or crustaceans. And a custard was originally a kind of pie enclosed in a crust.
=> croûton, crystal, custard

crust (v.)

late 14c.; see crust (n.). Related: Crusted; crusting.

crust (n.)

early 14c., "hard outer part of bread," from Old French crouste (13c., Modern French croûte) and directly from Latin crusta "rind, crust, shell, bark," from PIE *krus-to- "that which has been hardened," from root *kreus- "to begin to freeze, form a crust" (cognates: Sanskrit krud- "make hard, thicken;" Avestan xruzdra- "hard;" Greek krystallos "ice, crystal," kryos "icy cold, frost;" Lettish kruwesis "frozen mud;" Old High German hrosa "ice, crust;" Old English hruse "earth;" Old Norse hroðr "scurf"). Meaning "outer shell of the earth" is from 1550s.

sandwiches with the crusts cut off

切掉面包皮的三明治

牛津词典

Bake until the crust is golden.

把糕饼烤至外皮呈金黄色。

牛津词典

a thin crust of ice

一层薄冰

牛津词典

the earth's crust

地壳

牛津词典

As the water evaporates, a crust of salt is left on the surface of the soil.

随着水分的蒸发，地面上留下了一层结晶盐。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Earthquakes leave scars in the earth's crust.

地震会在地壳上留下裂痕。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

In his early days, he would do almost anything to earn a crust from the sport.

早年为了能在体育界混口饭吃，他几乎什么都做。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Most of our pizza crust styles come in 9 and 12 inches.

萨飞士最受欢迎的比萨饼胚尺寸是9寸和12寸.

期刊摘选

The presence of crust lying on soft soil foundation changes the mechanics characteristic of soil foundation.

软土地基上硬壳层的存在,改变了软土地基的受力特征.

期刊摘选

Under heat and pressure, rocks of the earth's crust move slowly and gradually.

在热和压力的作用下, 地壳的岩石缓慢而逐渐运动着.

辞典例句

Earth rotation and keep the revolution, while the crust is constantly changing internal.

地球在不停地自转和公转, 同时地壳内部也在不停地变化.

期刊摘选

Hunan provincial crust goes through the long geological evolution process and forms many kinds of rocks.

湖南省地壳经历了漫长的地质演化过程,造就了各种岩石类型.

期刊摘选

The pastry crust was always underdone.

馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透.

《简明英汉词典》

The crust of the bread is burnt.

这块面包的外皮烤焦了.

《简明英汉词典》

She coated the crust with egg white to make It'shine.

她在干面包上涂了一层蛋白,让它看起来更有光泽.

期刊摘选

Weight of the crust changes as elevations are eroded and materials are deposited elsewhere.

当高地受到侵蚀,物质沉积到别的地方时,地壳的重量就改变.

辞典例句

This earthquake was caused by diastrophism of the earth's crust.

这次地震是由地壳的错动引发的.

期刊摘选

He had the crust to order me around.

他厚着脸皮对我发号施令.

辞典例句

The snow may crust at night, due to outward radiation.

由于外部辐射,晚上雪可能结成雪壳.

期刊摘选

Constituting of earth crust can from the chemical element, mineral, rock three aspects to explain.

构成地皮从化学元素, 矿物能, 晃动三个方面解释.

期刊摘选

It was more like the entire contents of our refrigerator on a round crust.

更像是把所有冰箱里的东西放在一个圆面饼上.

电影对白

The outer crust of her life, all of her natural diffidence and reserve, was torn away.

她的生活的外壳, 她的一切天生的羞怯和庄重, 全撕破了.

辞典例句

Numerical values of the temperatures below the crust can still be given only within broad limits.

地壳以下温度的具体数值只能给出粗略的估计.

辞典例句

The deposit is formed in marine invasion by weathering crust transportation, sedimentation, diagenesis and super genesis.

矿床是在海侵过程中风化壳解体,经搬运 、 沉积 、 成岩及表生作用形成.

期刊摘选

Iron presents in abundance as variety of Fe ( III ) oxides in crust.

Fe在地壳中含量丰富,通常以各种Fe ( III ) 氧化物的形式存在.

期刊摘选

I'm cracking a tidy crust now.

我现在生活过得挺不错.

期刊摘选

Depths of these hypocenters concentrate at about 12 km deep in the upper crust.

这些震源深度集中在地壳上部约12公里处.

辞典例句