首页英语词典declinedecline的意思

decline

英 [dɪ'klaɪn] 美[dɪ'klaɪn]

英英释义同义词辨析考试真题实用场景例句

近义词fail sink weaken fall run down

反义词

n. 下降；衰退；斜面
vi. 下降；衰落；谢绝
vt. 谢绝；婉拒

CET4TEM4IELTSGRE考研TOEFLCET6中高频词核心词汇

词态变化

第三人称单数: declines;过去式: declined;过去分词: declined;现在分词: declining;

中文词源

decline 下降，婉言拒绝

de-, 向下，离开。-clin, 弯，转，词源同lean, incline. 即向下转开，引申义婉言拒绝。

英英释意

1. change toward something smaller or lower

2. a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state

3. a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current

4. a downward slope or bend

英文词源

decline: decline: [14] The notion underlying decline is of ‘bending away’. It comes via Old French decliner from Latin dēclināre ‘turn aside, go down’, a compound verb formed from the prefix dē-, ‘away, aside’ and clināre ‘bend’, which also produced English incline and recline and is related to lean. Its Latin nominal derivative dēclinātiō has bifurcated in English, to produce declination [14] and, via Old French declinaison, declension [15].

The latter is used only in the specialized grammatical sense ‘set of inflectional endings of a noun’, already present in Latin, which derives from the concept that every inflected form of a word represents a ‘falling away’ from its uninflected base form (the same underlying notion appears in the term oblique case ‘any grammatical sense other than the nominative or vocative’, and indeed the word case itself, whose etymological meaning is ‘fall’; and there are perhaps traces of it in inflection, literally ‘bending’).
=> declension, incline, lean, recline
decline (v.): late 14c., "to turn aside, deviate," from Old French decliner "to sink, decline, degenerate, turn aside," from Latin declinare "to lower, avoid, deviate, to bend from, inflect," from de- "from" (see de-) + clinare "to bend," from PIE *klei-n-, suffixed form of *klei- "to lean" (see lean (v.)). Sense has been altered since c. 1400 by interpretation of de- as "downward." Meaning "not to consent, politely refuse," is from 1630s. Related: Declined; declining.
decline (n.): early 14c., "deterioration, degeneration," from Old French declin (see decline (v.)).

同义词辨析

refuse, decline, reject, repel, deny

这些动词均含"拒绝"之意。

refuse：语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。

decline：指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。

reject：多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。

repel：作"拒绝"解时，语气比reject强。

deny：指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。

考试真题

They tend to decline in people's later years.

Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.

Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.

In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition ( ' , 认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.

In a multi-state study of assisted living , for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality.

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

By following individuals over time, Salthouse said, we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.

As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997.

How can I help you?The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend.

The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oilproducing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.

I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high.

The number of British films being made has declined in the past few years, according to new figures.

Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, "romance fiction," etc.

when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages.

Students' performance declined

By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."

In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether achain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship

Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age.

The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.

The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.

The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend.

What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.

Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived.

About 80% of our company's year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls ( ' , 短缺) in cold-weather goods, said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release.

Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.

From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline.

Patrick Belser, an International Labour Organization specialist says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.

Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age.

A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.

The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.

Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.

It has tens the decline of the written word.

Down that path lies economic decline.

Fully developed, mature, post-industrial societies, such as those in Europe, characterised by stable or declining populations which are increasing in age.

Late-stage developing nations that are currently industrialising rapidly, for example China, which will experience declining rates of population growth, coupled with increasing affluence (富裕）and age profile

The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce.

That's one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship

Manufacturing's shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation's assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time.

Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in

What does the author say is a factor contributing to the decline in traditional craftsmanship?

percent, as 598000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December.

From December 1928 to December 1929, total household wealth declined only 3%.

That these huge declines didn't lead to depression mainly reflects, as Romer argues, countermeasures taken by the government.

Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession – a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States – but an economic expansion.

At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline.

What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today

Obama's popularity may decline as time passes by.

He declines to join the gardening club.

Decline the invitation as early as possible.

A new study from michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.

Across the developed world, ear use is in decline as more people move to city centers, while young people especially are opting for other means of travel.

But around 2012 these measures started to decline.

Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.

However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.

I suspect that some experts in the field will be keen to address alternative explanations, such as unassessed variables playing a role in the well-being decline.

I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, imp

James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.

Now a new study has provided another contribution to the debate, uncovering strong evidence that adolescent well-being in the United States really is experiencing a decline and arguing that the most likely cause is the electronic riches we have given them

Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its peak and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this trend, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams.

So the researchers looked at time spent in a number of activities that could plausibly be driving the well-being decline.

The dataset they used did not include economic data, so instead the researchers looked at whether the 2013-16 well-being decline was tracking economic indicators.

The decline in American Indian languages has historical roots.

The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.

The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future, as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on em

The researchers also note the recession hit some years before we see the beginning of the well-being drop, and before the steepest well-being decline, which occurred in 2013.

The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn't been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning.

Unfortunately, activities involving direct contact with people, which contributed to better well-being were found to be on the decline.

A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.

After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.

Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.

At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.

But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.

But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.

But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.

But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.

Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children.

Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought (干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.

Explain why the number of certain species has declined.

For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline.

In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain.

In the sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Keith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance."

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.

Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.

While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives.

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.

Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump.

实用场景例句

a rapid/sharp/gradual decline: 迅速 / 急剧 / 逐渐下降

urban/economic decline: 城市衰落；经济衰退

The company reported a small decline in its profits.: 公司报告其利润略有减少。

An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.: 汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。

The town fell into (a) decline (= started to be less busy, important, etc.) after the mine closed.: 这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。

Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.: 英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。

Support for the party continues to decline.: 对该党的支持继续下降。

The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.: 去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。

Her health was declining rapidly.: 她的健康状况迅速恶化。

I offered to give them a lift but they declined.: 我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。

to decline an offer/invitation: 谢绝对方的主动帮助 / 邀请

Their spokesman declined to comment on the allegations.: 他们的发言人拒绝对这些指控加以评论。

The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000...: 员工人数从 21.7万减少到了11.4万。

Hourly output by workers declined 1.3% in the first quarter...: 第一季度工人每小时的产量下降了 1.3%。

He declined their invitation...: 他谢绝了他们的邀请。

The band declined to comment on the story...: 乐队拒绝对这一报道作任何评论。

There wasn't such a big decline in enrollments after all...: 注册人数终究还是没有出现如此大幅度的下降。

...Rome's decline in the fifth century...: 公元5世纪时罗马的衰落

Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline...: 令人欣慰的是，吸烟量在逐渐下降。

He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his game is in decline.: 他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技日不如前。

Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline.: 图书馆是对未来的一项投资，不应任其日趋萎缩。

The decline of sales embarrassed the company.: 销路下降使公司陷于财政困难.

His father is on the decline.: 他父亲的身体越来越弱.

decline

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