defile

• vt. 污损，弄脏；染污
• n. 狭谷；隘路
• vi. 以纵队前进

de-, 向下。-fil, 踩，践踏，词源同foil, full(漂洗，洗衣)。引申词义玷污。

de-, 向下，强调。file, 线，文件。即如同一条线，一线天，用来指山中狭径。

1. a narrow pass (especially one between mountains)

defile

defile: Defile ‘make dirty’ [14] and defile ‘narrow pass’ [17] are distinct words in English. The former has a rather complex history. It was originally acquired in the 13th century as defoul, borrowed from Old French defouler ‘trample down, injure’; this was a compound verb formed from the prefix de- ‘down’ and fouler ‘tread’, which in turn goes back via Vulgar Latin *fullāre to Latin fullō ‘person who cleans and thickens cloth by stamping on it’, source of English fuller [OE].

In the 14th century defoul started to turn into defile under the influence of the synonymous (and now obsolete) befile [OE], a compound verb derived ultimately from the adjective foul. Defile ‘narrow pass’ was borrowed from French défilé, originally the past participle of défiler, a compound verb based on filer ‘march in a column’ (which is a close relative of English file).
=> fuller; file

defile (v.)

c. 1400, "to desecrate, profane;" mid-15c., "to make foul or dirty," alteration of earlier defoulen, from Old French defouler "trample down, violate," also "ill-treat, dishonor," from de- "down" (see de-) + foler "to tread," from Latin fullo "person who cleans and thickens cloth by stamping on it" (see foil (v.)).

The alteration (or re-formation) in English is from influence of Middle English filen (v.) "to render foul; make unclean or impure," literal and figurative, from Old English fylen (trans.), related to Old English fulian (intrans.) "to become foul, rot," from the source of foul (adj.). Compare befoul, which also had a parallel form befilen. Related: Defiled; defiling.

defile (n.)

"narrow passage," 1640s, especially in a military sense, "a narrow passage down which troops can march only in single file," from French défilé, noun use of past participle of défiler "march by files" (17c.), from de- "off" (see de-) + file "row," from Latin filum "thread" (see file (v.1)). The verb in this sense is 1705, from French défiler.

Many victims of burglary feel their homes have been defiled.

许多家门被撬的人都感到自己的家被玷污了。

牛津词典

The altar had been defiled by vandals.

圣坛受到破坏公物者的肆意践踏。

牛津词典

Many victims of burglary feel their homes have been defiled.

许多家门被撬的人都感到自己的家被玷污了。

牛津词典

The altar had been defiled by vandals.

圣坛受到破坏公物者的肆意践踏。

牛津词典

He had defiled the sacred name of the Holy Prophet.

他亵渎了这位神圣先知的圣名。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The Agheila defile was kernel of the situation.

阿盖拉隘路是全局的核心.

辞典例句

Mk. 7:23 All these wicked things proceed from within and defile the man.

可七23这一切的恶,都是从里面发出来,且能污秽人.

期刊摘选

Take heed , therefore, and defile not with all kinds of abominations the temple of your bodies.

因此, 小心不要让所有的讨厌之物污染了你们身体的庙宇.

期刊摘选

Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.

利18:20不可与邻舍的妻行淫 、 污自己.

期刊摘选

Dogs defile the park.

狗会把公园弄脏.

期刊摘选

Huntresses are strong , swift, and merciless to those who would defile the sanctity of Ashenvale Forest.

女猎手强壮灵巧, 并且对敢于玷污神圣的灰谷森林的敌人毫不怜悯.

期刊摘选

Cenarius: Who dares defile this ancient land? Who dares the wrath of Cenarius and elves?

塞纳留斯: 是谁胆敢玷污这片陈旧的土地? 是谁胆敢触怒塞纳留斯和暗夜精灵?

期刊摘选

Pornographic films defile the minds of the teenagers.

色情电影毒害少年的心灵.

期刊摘选

These are what defile a person, but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile.

这些都使人污秽, 至于不洗手吃饭,并不能使人污秽.

期刊摘选

Who are these men who defile the grassy borders of our roads and lanes.

是谁污损了我们大路和小路两旁的草坪.

辞典例句

He shall not defile himself , as a leader among his people , so as to profane himself.

4祭司既在民中为首领,就不可从俗玷辱自己.

期刊摘选

Presently this defile took a turn, and a lovely sight unfolded itself to my eyes.

不一会儿,小路转了个弯, 一派美丽的景色展现在我的眼前.

辞典例句

Likewise also these filthy dreamers defile the flesh , despise dominion, and speak evil of dignities.

这些作梦的人,也像他们污秽身体,轻慢主治的, 毁谤在尊位的.

期刊摘选

Nevertheless in like manner these dreamers also defile the flesh and despise lordship and revile dignities.

8然而,这些作梦的人,还是照样玷污肉体,轻慢主治者,毁谤在尊位的.

期刊摘选

The troops had to defile through the pass.

部队只得排成单列通过关口.

辞典例句

To do harm to ( property or qualities considered sacred ); desecrate or defile.

伤害 ( 认为神圣的特性或品质 ); 亵渎或玷污.

期刊摘选