dirt
- n. 污垢，泥土；灰尘，尘土；下流话
词态变化
中文词源
来自古英语drit, 粪便，来自PIE*dhreyd, 腹泄。引申义污物，烂泥。其日耳曼同源词词义集中在粪便，鸟粪，屎等。
英英释意
- 1. the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
- 2. the state of being covered with unclean things
- 3. obscene terms for feces
- 4. disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people
英文词源
- dirt
- dirt: [13] Dirt was originally drit, and meant ‘excrement’ (it was borrowed from Old Norse drit, which goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base *drit- that also produced Dutch dreet ‘excrement’). The toned-down sense ‘soiling substance’ is of equal antiquity with ‘excrement’ in English, and the modern English form dirt first appeared in the 15th century, by a process known as metathesis in which two sounds are reversed.
- dirt (n.)
- 15c. metathesis of Middle English drit, drytt "mud, dirt, dung" (c. 1300), from Old Norse drit, cognate with Old English dritan "to void excrement," from Proto-Germanic *dritan (cognates: Dutch drijten, Old High German trizan). Used abusively of persons from c. 1300. Meaning "gossip" first attested 1926 (in Hemingway); dirt bike is 1960s. Dirt-cheap is from 1821. Dirt road attested by 1852.
同义词辨析
earth, clay, dirt, land, dust, soil, mud, ground
这些名词都有"土地，土，泥"之意。
earth： 多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
clay： 特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
dirt： 指地表的干松泥土。
land： 含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
dust： 特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
soil： 特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
mud： 指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
ground： 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
考试真题
- I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.
出自-2014年6月听力原文
- An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
- An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
- Get rid of the street dirt.
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读B 选项
- Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.
2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
- Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then.
2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
- This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
- We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper review published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
出自-2010年考研阅读原文
- By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
出自-2013年考研阅读原文
- Both men emphasized the dirt and exhaustion of war, the fragments of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.
2012年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ
- That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.
2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ
词组搭配
do someone dirt
(informal)harm someone's reputation maliciously
(非正式)恶意中伤
drag the name of someone (或 something) through the
(informal)give someone or something a bad reputation through bad behaviour or damaging revelations
(非正式)（通过不好的行为或诽谤）玷污（某人或某物的名誉）
he condemned players for dragging the name of football through the dirt.
他谴责这些球员玷污了足球运动。
eat dirt
(informal)suffer insults or humiliation
(非正式)忍辱含垢，忍气吞声
the film bombed at the box office and the critics made it eat dirt.
这部电影票房惨败，批评家们对它极尽羞辱之能事。
实用场景例句
- dog dirt
- 狗屎
牛津词典
- Do you have any dirt on the new guy?
- 你知道新来的那个人的丑闻吗？
牛津词典
- His clothes were covered in dirt.
- 他的衣服沾满了污垢。
牛津词典
- First remove any grease or dirt from the surface.
- 先把表面的油污或尘土去掉。
牛津词典
- He picked up a handful of dirt and threw it at them.
- 他抓起一把土朝他们扔过去。
牛津词典
- Pack the dirt firmly round the plants.
- 将植物周围的土培实。
牛津词典
- They lived in a shack with a dirt floor.
- 他们住在土地板的棚屋里。
牛津词典
- I started to scrub off the dirt.
- 我开始擦洗上面的灰尘。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- They all sit on the dirt in the dappled shade of a tree.
- 他们全都坐在斑驳树阴下的泥土地上。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- I drove along the dirt road...
- 我驱车沿那条土路行进。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- The rooster chased me across the dirt floor of the barn.
- 公鸡追着我跑过谷仓的泥土地面。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Steve was keen to get all the dirt he could on her...
- 史蒂夫一心想要搜罗关于她的一切丑闻。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Both parties use computers to dig up dirt on their opponents.
- 双方都用电脑搜集对手的丑事。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He dishes the dirt on his buddies.
- 他说自己伙伴的闲话。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- People think they can treat me like dirt!
- 人们以为可以视我为草芥！
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Manual accounting system is used only by small businesses.
- 手工会计系统只适用于小型企业.
期刊摘选
- Do you think the dirt will soak out?
- 你认为这污垢会泡掉 吗 ?
《简明英汉词典》
- The least bit of dirt in a watch may make It'stop.
- 表中哪怕有一点点污物都会使它不走动.
《简明英汉词典》
- Dirt and disease are adverse to the best growth of children.
- 肮脏与疾病对儿童健康成长不利.
《简明英汉词典》
- I've got a speck of dirt on my shirt.
- 我的衬衫上有一点污垢.
《简明英汉词典》
- Alarmed at the first sound, we hit the dirt.
- 第一声警报一响我们就迅速卧倒.
《现代英汉综合大词典》
- The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion.
- 浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中.
《简明英汉词典》
- All this dirt that has got into my watch has gummed up the watch.
- 手表被钻进去的污垢弄坏了.
《简明英汉词典》
- The journalists like to dish the dirt about television stars.
- 记者有时喜欢揭电视明星的疮疤.
《简明英汉词典》
- The dirt road became dusty as it baked under the summer sun.
- 在夏天烈日的暴晒下,泥路变得满是尘土.
《简明英汉词典》
- The road petered out into a dirt track.
- 大道延伸到一条泥土小径.
《简明英汉词典》
- Mother was in the garage, brushing the dirt aside.
- 母亲正在车库里扫除灰尘.
《简明英汉词典》