dog

• n. 狗；丑女人；卑鄙的人；(俚)朋友
• vt. 跟踪；尾随

词源不详，神秘词。

1. a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds;

"the dog barked all night"

2. a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman;

"she got a reputation as a frump"

"she's a real dog"

3. informal term for a man;

"you lucky dog"

4. someone who is morally reprehensible;

"you dirty dog"

5. a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll

6. a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward

7. metal supports for logs in a fireplace;

"the andirons were too hot to touch"

dog

dog: [11] Dog is one of the celebrated mystery words of English etymology. It appears once in late Old English, in the Prudentius glosses, where it translates Latin canis, but its use does not seem to have proliferated until the 13th century, and it did not replace the native hound as the main word for the animal until the 16th century. It has no known relatives of equal antiquity in other European languages, although several borrowed it in the 16th and 17th centuries for particular sorts of ‘dog’: German dogge ‘large dog, such as a mastiff’, for instance, French dogue ‘mastiff’, and Swedish dogg ‘bulldog’.

dog (n.)

Old English docga, a late, rare word, used in at least one Middle English source in reference to a powerful breed of canine. The word forced out Old English hund (the general Germanic and Indo-European word; see canine) by 16c. and subsequently was picked up in many continental languages (French dogue (16c.), Danish dogge, German Dogge (16c.)), but the origin remains one of the great mysteries of English etymology.

Many expressions -- a dog's life (c. 1600), go to the dogs (1610s), etc. -- reflect earlier hard use of the animals as hunting accessories, not pampered pets. In ancient times, "the dog" was the worst throw in dice (attested in Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit, where the word for "the lucky player" was literally "the dog-killer"), which plausibly explains the Greek word for "danger," kindynas, which appears to be "play the dog."

Slang meaning "ugly woman" is from 1930s; that of "sexually aggressive man" is from 1950s. Adjectival phrase dog-eat-dog attested by 1850s. Dog tag is from 1918. To dog-ear a book is from 1650s; dog-eared in extended sense of "worn, unkempt" is from 1894.

Notwithstanding, as a dog hath a day, so may I perchance have time to declare it in deeds. [Princess Elizabeth, 1550]

Phrase put on the dog "get dressed up" (1934) may look back to the stiff stand-up shirt collars that in the 1890s were the height of male fashion (and were known as dog-collars at least from 1883), with reference to collars worn by dogs. The common Spanish word for "dog," perro, also is a mystery word of unknown origin, perhaps from Iberian. A group of Slavic "dog" words (Old Church Slavonic pisu, Polish pies, Serbo-Croatian pas) likewise are of unknown origin.

dog (v.)

"to track like a dog," 1510s, see dog (n.). Related: Dogged; dogging.

When dogs looked at expressions of angry dogs, their eyes rested more on the mouth, perhaps to interpret the threatening expressions.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

To conduct the tests, the University of Helsinki researchers trained 31 dogs to rest in front of a video screen.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

This behaviour may have evolved as dogs gradually learned they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

They suggest this indicates that dogs aren’t sensing emotions from a single feature, but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

The researchers also note that dogs scan faces as a whole to sense how people are feeling, instead of focusing on a given feature.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

New research shows that dogs limit their eye contact with angry humans.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Nearby cameras tracked the dogs’ eye movements.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

His team was hit by a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a three-year-old male dog.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

He estimated that the comfort level will increase considerably in five to ten years3) One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Facial photos of dogs and humans were displayed on the screen for 1.5 seconds.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Dogs, man’s best friends, have a clear strategy for dealing with angry owners—they look away.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Dogs in the study looked most at the eyes of humans and other dogs to sense their emotions.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Avoiding conflicts may have helped dogs develop better bonds with humans.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

A snowmobile driver had repeatedly attempted to harm her and her team, and one of Zircle’s dogs had received a non-lifethreatening injury.

出自-2017年6月听力原文

Children's books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

If you watch dogs and cats, you'll get an idea of how natural it is.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog.

出自-2014年6月听力原文

She abused animals including her pet dog

出自-2014年6月听力原文

For example, during one lunch period, my friend Denny and I went to the Graben Gore Restaurant to have a hot dog.

出自-2010年12月听力原文

his team was hit by a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a three-year-old male dog.

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

People aren't kidding when they say they love their dog or their dog loves them, but were rather ignorant about the nature of the relationships that form between dogs.

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

Yet the persistent question of Why do I need that? – or, perhaps more tellingly, Why do you need to know that? – dogs the steps of many new ventures.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

But more recently, companies have begun to plan more affordable After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic's founder, had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Mary is going to get a little dog from one of her relatives.

出自-2013年12月听力原文

Mary will not be able to keep a dog in the building

出自-2013年12月听力原文

Mary might as well send her dog to her relative.

出自-2013年12月听力原文

They would also terrorize and kill dogs and cats which is not what the suburban dwellers have in mind.

出自-2013年12月听力原文

San Jose, California, began a dog program after the terrorist attacks of September 11th.

2019年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one advertised as lost in the local paper.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

All the dogs sit, play, or run around while people drink coffee and eat sandwiches.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog arrived in Nome.

2016年高考英语北京卷 完形填空 原文

At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog gromit have started a company to protect the town's vegetables from hungry rabbits.

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

Dog cafés are very popular.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

Ehlers called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had found their dog.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

From day two everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day, neither thought to walk the dog.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled across the continent.

2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving cautiously away.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs, says ehlers.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

In 2004 , when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

It helps care for customer's dogs.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 选项

It would be her business to take care of the dog.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

Jeff had hunted in Lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off.

2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting bird, other wildlife, or where signposted.

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

None of the dogs are caged.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 选项

She likes to play with princess, her favorite dog.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

So when laurie needs to have some fun with a pet, she goes to the dog café to see princess.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

The book caught the author's eye because it reminded him of his own dog.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设

The book told the story of his pet dog.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

The dog had initially been knocked unconscious but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

The dog jody fell down the cliff when she was running after a sheep.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设

The dog tried to please the writer.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

The dogs there are in cages around the room.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.

2016年高考英语北京卷 完形填空 原文

The writer began to walk the dog.

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the Coastguard of Cornwall, asked holder if he would like his dog bark.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

There is a dog named princess.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 选项

There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

When the dog named judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally.

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

You can play with all the dogs at the ball house.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

You can relax, and play with dogs at new dog cafés.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

You don't have to choose a dog at the bau house.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文

You have to buy food for dogs.

2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 选项

In an essay entitled "Making it in America", the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, "a man and a dog".

2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.

2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

You dirty dog!

你这个下流坯！

牛津词典

I'm afraid in this line of work it's a case of dog eat dog.

恐怕在这种行业中竞争是残酷无情的。

牛津词典

We're operating in a dog-eat-dog world.

我们是在一个残酷竞争的世界里立足。

牛津词典

He's made a real dog's breakfast of these accounts.

他把这些账目简直搞得一塌糊涂。

牛津词典

This firm's gone to the dogs since the new management took over.

这个公司自新的管理人员接手以来日渐衰败。

牛津词典

He hasn't a dog's chance of passing the exam.

他根本不可能通过这次考试。

牛津词典

He had been dogged by bad health all his life.

他一生多病，备受折磨。

牛津词典

She had the impression that someone was dogging her steps.

她感觉到有人在尾随她。

牛津词典

Her last movie was an absolute dog.

她的最后一部影片彻底砸锅了。

牛津词典

a dog and her puppies

母狗和它的狗崽儿

牛津词典

dog food

狗食

牛津词典

guard dogs

看家狗

牛津词典

I could hear a dog barking.

我听到犬吠声。

牛津词典

I took the dog for a walk.

我遛狗去了。

牛津词典

Why can't she let sleeping dogs lie?

为什么她就不能不多事？

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They sit in impotent opposition while the country goes to the dogs.

国家败落之际，他们加入了软弱无力的反对党。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The TV business today is a dog-eat-dog business.

当前电视业的竞争残酷无情。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is very much dog eat dog out there...

那儿的竞争异常残酷。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Our own Board are going to make a dog's breakfast out of it if we aren't careful.

如果我们不小心行事，我们的董事会就会乱成一团。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The whole place was a bit of a dog's dinner, really...

整个地方乌烟瘴气的，真的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The problems that have dogged him all year are just a temporary setback...

一时的挫折竟困扰了他一整年。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His career has been dogged by bad luck.

他在事业上一直不走运。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It's a real dog.

这实在是蹩脚货。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

How can you go out with her? She's a real dog.

你怎么能和她谈恋爱呢？她简直就是个恐龙。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a dog fox.

公狐狸

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Is this a dog or a bitch?

这是公狗还是母狗?

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The dog growled again...

狗又在狂吠。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Outside, a dog was barking...

外面，一只狗在叫。

柯林斯高阶英语词典