drill

• n. 训练；钻孔机；钻子；播种机
• vi. 钻孔；训练
• vt. 钻孔；训练；条播
• n. (Drill)人名；(德、英)德里尔

来自PIE*tere, 转，磨，词源同turn. 训练义可能来自军事操练，向前转，向后转等。

1. a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials (usually rotating rapidly or by repeated blows)

2. similar to the mandrill but smaller and less brightly colored

3. systematic training by multiple repetitions;

"practice makes perfect"

4. (military) the training of soldiers to march (as in ceremonial parades) or to perform the manual of arms

drill

drill: English has no fewer than four separate words drill, all of them comparatively recent acquisitions. Drill ‘make a hole’ [16] was borrowed from Middle Dutch drillen, but beyond that is history is obscure. The word’s military application, to ‘repetitive training’, dates from earliest times, and also existed in the Dutch verb in the 16th century; it seems to have originated as a metaphorical extension of the notion of ‘turning round’ – that is, of troops marching around in circles. Drill ‘small furrow for sowing seeds’ [18] may come from the now obsolete noun drill ‘rivulet’, but the origins of this are purely conjectural: some have linked it with the obsolete verb drill ‘trickle’. Drill ‘strong fabric’ [18] gets its name from originally being woven from three threads.

An earlier form of the word was drilling, an adaptation of German drillich; this in turn was descended from Latin trilix, a compound formed from tri- ‘three’ and līcium ‘thread’ (trellis is a doublet, coming ultimately from the same Latin source). (Cloth woven from two threads, incidentally, is twill [14], or alternatively – from Greek dímitos – dimity [15].) Drill ‘African baboon’ [17] comes from a West African word.

It occurs also in the compound mondrill [18], the name of a related baboon, which appears to have been formed with English man.
=> trellis; mandrill

drill (n.1)

"tool for making holes," 1610s, from Dutch dril, drille "a hole, instrument for boring holes," from drillen "to bore (a hole), turn around, whirl" (see drill (v.)).

drill (n.2)

"small furrow," 1727; also "machine for sowing seeds" (1731), from obsolete drill "rill, trickling stream" (1640s), which is of unknown origin; perhaps connected to drill (n.1).

drill (n.4)

"West African baboon species," 1640s, perhaps from a native word (compare mandrill).

drill (n.3)

kind of coarse, twilled cloth, 1743, from French drill, from German drillich "heavy, coarse cotton or linen fabric," from Old High German adjective drilich "threefold," from Latin trilix (genitive trilicis) "triply twilled" (see trellis). So called in reference to the method of weaving it.

drill (v.)

c. 1600 (implied in drilling), from Dutch drillen "to bore (a hole), turn around, whirl," from Proto-Germanic *thr- (cognates: Middle High German drillen "to turn, round off, bore," Old Engish þyrel "hole"), from PIE *tere- (1) "to turn, rub" (see throw (v.)). Sense of "to instruct in military exercise" is 1620s (also in Dutch drillen and in the Danish and German cognates), probably from the notion of troops "turning" in maneuvers. Extended noun sense of "the agreed-upon procedure" is from 1940. Related: Drilled.

drill, exercise, practice, training, discipline

这些名词都有"练习，训练，锻炼"之意。

drill： 侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。

exercise： 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。

practice： 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。

training： 普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。

discipline： 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行的约束。

The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth.

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous—and underestimated—faults.

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people.

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

Although the drills are used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

During a fire drill, please do the following.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

In a fire drill, the students should shut the door and leave at once.

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设

an electric drill

电钻

牛津词典

a pneumatic drill

风钻

牛津词典

a hand drill

手钻

牛津词典

a dentist's drill

牙钻

牛津词典

a drill bit (= the pointed part at the end of the drill )

钻头

牛津词典

a fire drill

消防演习

牛津词典

rifle drill

步枪操练

牛津词典

What's the drill for claiming expenses?

报销费用的手续是什么？

牛津词典

Drill a series of holes in the frame.

在构架上钻一串孔。

牛津词典

They're drilling for oil off the Irish coast.

他们在爱尔兰沿海钻井采油。

牛津词典

He drilled through the wall by mistake.

他误将墙壁钻穿了。

牛津词典

The children were drilled to leave the classroom quickly when the fire bell rang.

孩子们接受了如何在火警拉响时迅速离开教室的训练。

牛津词典

a well-drilled team

训练有素的队伍

牛津词典

Navigation is good and there's a display to show how far you've drilled down.

导航很好，可以显示你正在看哪一级信息。

牛津词典

It was drilled into us at an early age never to drop litter.

我们从小就被叮嘱绝不能乱扔垃圾。

牛津词典

...pneumatic drills.

风钻

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a dentist's drill.

牙钻

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom...

他在莉莉卧室的墙上钻了个孔。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I drilled five holes at equal distance.

我钻了 5 个等间距的孔。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There have been proposals to drill for more oil...

有人提议钻探更多的石油。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The team is still drilling.

钻探队还在钻探。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The teacher runs them through a drill — the days of the week, the weather and some counting.

老师带他们做了反复练习：一周中每一天的叫法、天气和数数。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He drills the choir to a high standard.

他将合唱团训练到了一个高水平。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The Marines carried out a drill that included 18 ships and 90 aircraft...

海军陆战队进行了有 18 艘军舰和 90 架飞机参与的训练。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His hands were clasped behind him like a drill sergeant.

他双手背在身后，像一个教官。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a fire drill.

消防演习

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...air-raid drills.

防空演习

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...cotton drill.

厚斜纹棉布

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Sow the seeds in drills about 1/2in. deep and 12in. apart.

在深约 0.5 英寸,间隔 12 英寸的条播沟里播种。

柯林斯高阶英语词典