首页英语词典filefile的意思

file

英 [faɪl] 美[faɪl]

英英释义同义词辨析词组搭配考试真题实用场景例句

近义词edge grind sand sort smooth classify group sharpen parade March catalog store

n. 文件；档案；文件夹；锉刀
vt. 提出；锉；琢磨；把…归档
vi. 列队行进；用锉刀锉
n. (File)人名；(匈、塞)菲莱

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词态变化

复数: files;第三人称单数: files;过去式: filed;过去分词: filed;现在分词: filing;

中文词源

file 文件

来自拉丁语filum,线，词源同 filament. 引申词义文件，文献，因古代文献多用线缝合。

file 锉刀

来自PIE*peig, 砍，切，字母g脱落，词源同pigment, picture. 用做工具名。

英英释意

1. a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

2. a line of persons or things ranged one behind the other

3. office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order

4. a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal

英文词源

file: file: The file for smoothing and rubbing [OE] and the file for storing things in [16] are quite different words. The former comes from a prehistoric Germanic *fikhalā (source also of German feile and Dutch vijl), which goes back ultimately to Indo-European *pik-, *peik-, denoting ‘cut’. The latter, on the other hand, comes from Old French fil, a descendant of Latin filum ‘thread’, which was applied to a piece of string or wire suspended from two points and used for hanging documents and records on for easy reference.

As methods of document storage and retrieval became more sophisticated, the word file followed them. The later file ‘(military) column’, first recorded at the end of the 16th century, probably represents a reborrowing from French, but it is ultimately the same word. Fillet [14] originated as a diminutive form of Latin filum.
=> filigree, fillet
file (v.1): "place (papers) in consecutive order for future reference," mid-15c., from Old French filer "string documents on a thread or wire for preservation or reference" (15c.), earlier "to spin thread," from fil "thread, string" (12c.), from Latin filum "a thread, string; thread of fate; cord, filament," from PIE *gwhis-lom (cognates: Armenian jil "sinew, string, line," Lithuanian gysla "vein, sinew," Old Church Slavonic zila "vein"), from root *gwhi- "thread, tendon." The notion is of documents hung up on a line in consecutive order for ease of reference.
File (filacium) is a threed or wyer, whereon writs, or other exhibits in courts, are fastened for the better keeping of them. [Cowel, "The Interpreter," 1607]
Methods have become more sophisticated, but the word has stuck. Meaning "place among the records of a court or office" is from 1510s; of newspaper reporters sending in stories, 1954. Intransitive sense "march in a line (as soldiers do) one after another" is from 1610s. Related: Filed; filing.
file (n.2): metal tool for abrading or smoothing, Old English feol (Mercian fil) "file," from Proto-Germanic *fihalo "cutting tool" (cognates: Old Saxon fila, Old High German fila, Middle Dutch vile, Dutch vijl, German Feile), probably from PIE *peig- (1) "to cut, mark by incision" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic pila "file, saw," Lithuanian pela "file;" see paint (v.)). Century Dictionary (1906) lists 60 named varieties of them.
file (n.1): 1520s, "string or wire on which documents are strung," from French file "a row" (15c.), noun derived from Middle French filer "string documents; spin thread" (see file (v.1)). The literal sense explains why from the beginning until recently things were generally on file (or upon file). The meaning "collection of papers systematically arranged for ready reference" is from 1620s; computer sense is from 1954. The sense "row of persons or things one behind another" (1590s) is originally military, from the French verb in the sense of "march in file." Meaning "line of squares on a chessboard running directly from player to player" is from 1610s.
file (v.2): "to smooth or abrade with a file," early 13c., from Old English filian, from the source of file (n.2). Related: Filed; filing.

同义词辨析

row, queue, line, rank, file

这些名词均含"列，队，排"之意。

row：指单独的一列，也可指平行的数行中的一行，而不论是横或纵。

queue：指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队，在等的过程中不断向前移动。

line：指人或物排成的行列。

rank和file常为军事用语，前者指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排，后者指纵队。

考试真题

Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

A Hills dale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?

There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and locked away in a file cabinet.

Have her photo taken for their files.

Let's start with the bad news that Americans are terrible at technology skills, using email, naming a file on a computer, using a link on the web page, or just texting someone.

USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location.

By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits ( ' , 集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using Greenlist labels on its cleaning products.

A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels.

So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer.

The files they have collected.

It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time

But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks.

Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch.

In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.

Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain.

词组搭配

file something away/off

remove something by grinding it off with a file

把…锉掉

the engine numbers were filed away.
发动机号码被锉掉了。

on file

In or as if in a file for easy reference

存档：为了便于查考在或好象是在档案中

We will keep your résumé on file.
我们将把你的简历存入档案

实用场景例句

Every file on the same disk must have a different name.: 同一磁盘上的每一个文件都必须有不同的文件名。

secret police files: 警方秘密档案

to have/open/keep a confidential file on sb: 有 / 设立 / 保存某人的机密档案

Your application will be kept on file (= in a file, to be used later) .: 你的申请书将存档。

Police have reopened the file (= have started collecting information again) on the missing girl.: 警方对失踪的女孩已重新建档调查。

They set off in file behind the teacher.: 他们跟在教师后面鱼贯出发。

They made their way in single file along the cliff path.: 他们一个接着一个沿悬崖小径前进。

The forms should be filed alphabetically.: 这些表格应该按字母顺序归档。

I filed the letters away in a drawer.: 我把信件存放到抽屉里了。

to access/copy/create/delete/download/save a file: 打开 / 复制 / 新建 / 删除 / 下载 / 保存文件

a box file: 文件箱

A stack of files awaited me on my desk.: 我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。

The details are filed away by his three secretaries for future reference.: 他的3个秘书已经把详细情况归档备查。

When at home, most evenings would be spent reading, cutting up and filing away his photographs...: 晚上在家时，经常都是在看书或剪切和归类他的照片。

We were walking in single file to the lake.: 我们正排成一列朝湖边走去。

His fingerprints were on file in Washington...: 他的指纹已在华盛顿记录在档。

We'll keep your details on file...: 我们会把有关你的详细信息记录在档。

Manicurists are skilled at shaping and filing nails.: 美甲师修锉指甲的手艺娴熟。

Slowly, people filed into the room and sat down.: 人们排成一列缓慢地依次走进房间，并坐了下来。

He sat behind a table on which were half a dozen files.: 他坐在一张放有6个文件夹的桌子后面。

...a file of insurance papers.: 一夹子保险文件

There was stuff in that file that was private between me and Dr Denny...: 那份档案的有些内容是只应我和丹尼医生知道的。

We already have files on people's tax details, mortgages and poll tax...: 我们已经建立了人们纳税详情、抵押贷款以及人头税的档案。

A secretary can file papers as efficiently as a floppy disk can store them...: 秘书归档文件时可以像软盘存储一样高效。

They are all filed alphabetically under author.: 这些都是按照作者姓名的字母顺序归档的。

A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police...: 他们中的许多人都对警方提出了正式控告。

I filed for divorce on the grounds of adultery a few months later.: 几个月后我以通奸为由提起了离婚诉讼。

Catherine Bond filed that report for the BBC from Nairobi...: 凯瑟琳·邦德从内罗毕向英国广播公司发送了那篇报道。

He had to rush back to the office and file a housing story before the secretaries went home.: 他不得不冲回办公室，赶在秘书们回家之前提交一篇有关住房的新闻报道。

She paused as the group of children filed out of the house...: 那群孩子从房子里鱼贯而出时，她停了下来。

file

词态变化

中文词源

英英释意

英文词源

同义词辨析

考试真题

词组搭配

file something away/off

on file

实用场景例句

考试词汇

频率词汇

分类词汇

单词首字母

汉语字典查询

词语词性