foul
英 [faʊl]
美[faʊl]
- adj. 犯规的；邪恶的；污秽的；淤塞的
- vt. 犯规；弄脏；淤塞；缠住，妨害
- vi. 犯规；腐烂；缠结
- n. 犯规；缠绕
- adv. 违反规则地，不正当地
词态变化
复数: fouls;第三人称单数: fouls;过去式: fouled;过去分词: fouled;现在分词: fouling;副词: foully;名词: foulness;
助记提示
broad 宽广的 breadth 宽度
deep 深的 depth 深度
full 满的 fill 装满
foul 脏的 filth 脏东西
hale 强壮的 heal 治愈
high 高的 height 高度
hot 热的 heat 热
long 长的 length 长度
proud 骄傲的 pride 骄傲
strong 强壮的,有力的 strength 强度,力
2. 谐音“犯哦，否哦”----犯规了哦，你犯了规，裁判吹哨子，对你的行为表示否定、不认可。
3. filth => foul.
deep 深的 depth 深度
full 满的 fill 装满
foul 脏的 filth 脏东西
hale 强壮的 heal 治愈
high 高的 height 高度
hot 热的 heat 热
long 长的 length 长度
proud 骄傲的 pride 骄傲
strong 强壮的,有力的 strength 强度,力
2. 谐音“犯哦，否哦”----犯规了哦，你犯了规，裁判吹哨子，对你的行为表示否定、不认可。
3. filth => foul.
中文词源
foul 恶臭的
来自PIE*pu, 腐烂，发臭，词源同pus, putrid. 可能来自人们闻到臭味时发出的声音。
英英释意
- 1. an act that violates of the rules of a sport
英文词源
- foul
- foul: [OE] The underlying meaning of foul is probably ‘rotten, putrid’, with overtones of ‘evilsmelling’. It goes back to an Indo-European *pu-, which may originally have been inspired by the same reaction as produced the English exclamation of disgust at a bad smell, pooh. Amongst its other off-spring were Latin pūs, source of English pus, purulent, and supurate, and Latin putridus, source of English putrid.
Its Germanic descendant was *fu-, on which the adjective *fūlaz was based. This produced German faul ‘rotten, lazy’, Dutch vuil ‘dirty’, and English foul, and also the derived noun filth [OE]. Defile ‘make dirty’ is not directly related, but its form was influenced by the now obsolete verb befile, which was connected with foul.
=> filth, pus, putrid, suppurate - foul (adj.)
- Old English ful "rotten, unclean, vile, corrupt, offensive to the senses," from Proto-Germanic *fulaz (cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisian ful, Middle Dutch voul, Dutch vuil, Old High German fül, German faul, Gothic füls), from PIE *pu- (2) "to rot, decay," perhaps from the sound made in reaction to smelling something bad (see pus).
Old English ful occasionally meant "ugly" (as contrasted with fæger (adj.), modern fair (adj.)), and this sense became frequent in Middle English. The cognate in Swedish is the usual word for "ugly." Of weather from mid-14c. In the sporting sense of "irregular, unfair, contrary to established rule or practice" it is first attested 1797, though foul play is recorded from mid-15c. Baseball sense of "out of play" attested by 1860. - foul (v.)
- Old English fulian "to become foul, rot, decay," from ful (see foul (adj.)). Transitive meaning "make foul, pollute" is from c. 1200. Meaning "become entangled" (chiefly nautical) is from 1832, probably from foul (adj.) in the sense "obstructed by anything fixed or attached" (late 15c.). "A term generally used in contrast to clear, and implies entangled, embarrassed or contrary to: e.g. to foul the helm, to find steerage impracticable owing to the rudder becoming entangled with rope or other gear" [Sir Geoffrey Callender, "Sea Passages," 1943]. Related: Fouled; fouling. Hence also foul anchor (1769), one with the slack of the cable twisted round the stock or a fluke; noted by 1832 as naval insignia.
同义词辨析
dirty, foul, nasty
这些形容词均有"脏的，污秽的"之意。
dirty： 普通用词，泛指被玷污或弄脏。
foul： 指由于腐烂、恶臭等造成的不干净，令人恶心。
nasty： 主要指特别讲究清洁的人感到讨厌的东西。
词组搭配
foul one's (own) nest
do something damaging or harmful to oneself or one's own interests
破坏（或伤害）自己（或自己的利益）
foul something up ( 或 foul up)
make a mistake with or spoil something
把…搞糟；搞乱
leaders should admit when they completely foul things up.
领导人把事情完全搞糟时应该自己承认。
foul out
&I{Sports} To be put out of a game for exceeding the number of permissible fouls.
&I{【体育运动】} 因犯规超过规定次数被罚下场
foul up
To blunder or cause to blunder because of mistakes or poor judgment.
因错误或粗心而犯大错
实用场景例句
- He called her the foulest names imaginable.
- 他用最下流的话骂她。
牛津词典
- a foul night
- 风雨交加的夜晚
牛津词典
- a foul crime/murder
- 邪恶的罪行；恶毒的谋杀
牛津词典
- He swore foully.
- 他恶毒地诅咒。
牛津词典
- She had been foully murdered during the night.
- 她在夜间被残忍地谋杀了。
牛津词典
- [不可数名词]The air was heavy with the stink of damp and foulness.
- 空气中弥漫着一股潮湿的恶臭味。
牛津词典
- to fall foul of the law
- 触犯了法律
牛津词典
- foul language
- 脏话
牛津词典
- I'm sick of her foul mouth (= habit of swearing) .
- 我讨厌她一开口就骂人的那张臭嘴。
牛津词典
- This tastes foul.
- 这个味道很差。
牛津词典
- foul air/breath
- 污浊难闻的空气 / 气息
牛津词典
- a foul-smelling prison
- 臭烘烘的监狱
牛津词典
- She's in a foul mood .
- 她的情绪很糟。
牛津词典
- His boss has a foul temper .
- 他的老板脾气很坏。
牛津词典
- Middlesbrough's Jimmy Phillips was sent off for fouling Steve Tilson.
- 米德尔斯堡队的吉米·菲利普斯因为对史蒂夫·蒂尔森犯规而被罚下场。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He picked up his first booking for a 45th-minute foul on Bull.
- 他因为在比赛进行到第 45 分钟时对公牛队犯规而被第一次记名警告。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Deprived of the crushing victory it was confidently expecting, the party cried foul.
- 失去了自以为十拿九稳的压倒性胜利，该政党声称对手违规。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- They will only be satisfied if they regain control —by fair means or foul.
- 只有重新掌权他们才会满意——为此他们将不择手段。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He had fallen foul of the FBI.
- 他已经惹恼了联邦调查局。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...teenagers who run foul of the law.
- 触犯法律的青少年
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- There are serious risks that laboratories may foul up these tests.
- 实验室很有可能搞砸这些试验。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- The freighter fouled its propeller in fishing nets.
- 货船的螺旋桨被渔网缠住了。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- It is an offence to let your dog foul a footpath.
- 让狗在人行道上拉屎是违法行为。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- The smell was quite foul.
- 臭气熏天。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He was sent off for using foul language in a match last Sunday...
- 他在上周日的一场比赛中因为骂人而被罚下场。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He had a foul mouth.
- 他爱说脏话。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Collins was in a foul mood even before the interviews began.
- 柯林斯在采访还没开始时就暴躁不安起来。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- A village's entire beach and harbor can be fouled by a single rotting whale...
- 一只腐烂的死鲸就足以弄脏一个村子的整片海滩和港口。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Two oil-related accidents near Los Angeles have fouled the ocean and the skies there.
- 发生在洛杉矶附近的两起漏油事故已经污染了那里的海洋和天空。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...foul polluted water...
- 恶臭的脏水
柯林斯高阶英语词典