gall

• n. 胆汁；五倍子；怨恨；苦味
• vt. 烦恼；屈辱；磨伤
• vi. 被磨伤
• n. (Gall)人名；(英)高尔；(法、德、俄、意、罗、捷、塞)加尔

来自PIE*ghel, 发光，照耀，词源同yellow, gold, chlorine. 因胆呈黄绿色而得名。引申义恼怒。

1. an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle

2. a skin sore caused by chafing

3. abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury

4. a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

5. a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats

6. the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

gall

gall: Gall ‘bile’ [12], and by metaphorical extension ‘bitterness’ and ‘effrontery’, was borrowed from Old Norse gall. It gets its name ultimately from its colour, for its prehistoric Germanic ancestor *gallam or *gallon (which also produced German galle and Dutch gal) goes back to Indo-European *ghol-, *ghel-, which also gave English gold, jaundice, yellow, and yolk.

The relationship of the two other English words gall (‘skin sore’ [14], whence the verbal use ‘exasperate’, and ‘plant swelling’ [14]) to gall ‘bile’ and to each other is not clear. The immediate source of ‘skin sore’ was Middle Low German galle ‘sore’, but ‘bile’ could easily have led via ‘astringent substance’ to ‘sore place’, and it may be that ultimately the Middle Low German word is connected with gall ‘bile’. Gall ‘plant swelling’ has been traced back via Old French galle to Latin galla ‘plant gall’, but some later descendants of this were used for ‘swelling on an animal’s leg’, further adding to the confusion.
=> gold, jaundice, yellow, yolk

gall (n.1)

"bile, liver secretion," Old English galla (Anglian), gealla (West Saxon) "gall, bile," from Proto-Germanic *gallon "bile" (cognates: Old Norse gall "gall, bile; sour drink," Old Saxon galle, Old High German galla, German Galle), from PIE root *ghel- (2) "to shine," with derivatives referring to bright materials and gold, and bile or gall (see glass). Informal sense of "impudence, boldness" first recorded American English 1882; but meaning "embittered spirit, rancor" is from c. 1200, from the medieval theory of humors.

gall (n.2)

"sore on skin caused by rubbing or chafing," Old English gealla "painful swelling, sore spot on a horse," probably from Latin galla "gall, lump on plant," originally "oak-gall" (see gall (n.3)). Perhaps from or influenced by gall (n.1) on notion of "poison-sore." Meaning "bare spot in a field" (1570s) is probably the same word. German galle, Dutch gal also are said to be from Latin.

gall (v.)

"to make sore by chafing," mid-15c., from gall (n.2). Earlier "to have sores, be sore" (early 14c.). Figurative sense of "harass, vex, irritate, chafe the spirit of," is from 1570s. A past-participle adjective gealled is found in Old English, but OED says this is from the noun. Related: Galled; galling.

gall (n.3)

"excrescence on a plant caused by the deposit of insect eggs," especially on an oak leaf, late 14c., from Latin galla "oak-gall," which is of uncertain origin. They were harvested for use in medicines, inks, dyes.

Then they had the gall to complain!

而且他们居然还有脸抱怨！

牛津词典

It galls me to have to apologize to her.

非得向她道歉使我感到恼火。

牛津词典

It must have galled him that Bardo thwarted each of these measures...

巴多对每一项措施都加以阻挠，这一定让他十分气恼。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It was their serenity which galled her most.

最让她恼怒的是他们的平静。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I daresay he thought he was above the law. I can't get over the gall of the fellow...

我想他以为他能凌驾于法律之上，这家伙的蛮横无理真让人受不了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She had the gall to suggest that I might supply her with information about what Steve was doing.

她竟然厚颜无耻地说或许我可以向她透露一些史蒂夫正在做的事。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

If you have tasted the bitterness of gall , you know better the sweetness of honey.

吃过黄连苦, 更知蜜糖甜.

《简明英汉词典》

No pain, no palm ; no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown.

没有苦难就没有收获; 没有荆棘就没有宝座; 没有痛苦就没有辉煌; 没有十字架就没有冠冕.

期刊摘选

CT Diagnosis of Cancer of Gall Bladder ( A Review of 20 Cases )

胆囊癌的ct与B超诊断 ( 附20例分析 )

期刊摘选

Samples routinely analysed included suspected bear gall bladder and musk grains.

鉴定熊胆、麝香等物品,便是经常进行的测试项目.

期刊摘选

Between meals, bile is stored in the gall bladder.

在两餐之间, 胆汁被储存在胆囊.

期刊摘选

He was ill of gall stone.

他患胆结石.

《简明英汉词典》

You've got the gall to ask me for help.

你竟有脸求我帮忙.

期刊摘选

Results: All of these Chinese medicines have beneficial gall actions.

结果: 几种中药均有利胆作用.

期刊摘选

A honey tongue, a heart of gall.

口蜜腹剑.

《简明英汉词典》

The hormone that stimulates gall bladder contraction was called cholecystokinin.

刺激胆囊收缩的激素被称为胆囊收缩素.

辞典例句

Judging from what they have done these years, they are indeed " friends " with an honey tongue and a heart of gall.

从他们这些年的所作所为看来, 他们的确是口蜜腹剑的 “ 朋友 ”.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

No pain , no gain , no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown.

没有苦难就没有胜利, 没有荆刺就没有宝贵; 没有苦痛就没有辉煌; 没有十字架就没有王冠.

期刊摘选

A drop of honey catch more flies than a gallon of gall.

甜言蜜语是陷阱.

期刊摘选

No gall , no glory.

没有磨难, 何来荣耀.

期刊摘选

Then the liver was eaten raw , flavored with the contents of the gall bladder.

然生吃带有胆囊味道的动物肝脏.

英汉非文学 - 民俗

There is no gall or spite in my soul.

我内心对谁都没有怨恨或恶意.

辞典例句

He has built up a siege against me And encircled me with gall and travail.

5?筑垒攻击我,用苦胆和艰难围困我.

期刊摘选

" Thou had the gall to betray thy dearest friend. "

你竟然会背叛你最亲密的朋友.

期刊摘选

Willow twig gall midge ( Rhabdophaga salics Schrank ) occurred frequently and caused heavy loss.

杞柳瘿蚊发生频繁,造成很大的损失.

期刊摘选

Then they had the gall to complain!

而且他们居然还有脸抱怨！

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

She had the gall to suggest that I might supply her with information about what Steve was doing.

她竟然厚颜无耻地说或许我可以向她透露一些史蒂夫正在做的事。

柯林斯例句

I daresay he thought he was above the law. I can't get over the gall of the fellow.

我想他以为他能凌驾于法律之上，这家伙的蛮横无理真让人受不了。

柯林斯例句