gauge

• n. 计量器；标准尺寸；容量规格
• vt. 测量；估计；给…定规格

来自PIE*ghalgh, 杆，棍，词源同gallows. 字母l软化成u. 词义由杆，棍引申为测量，比较canon, 词源同cane.

1. a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.

2. accepted or approved instance or example of a quantity or quality against which others are judged or measured or compared

3. the distance between the rails of a railway or between the wheels of a train

4. the thickness of wire

5. diameter of a tube or gun barrel

gauge

gauge: see engage

gauge (v.)

"ascertain by exact measurements," mid-15c., from Anglo-French gauge (mid-14c.), from Old North French gauger "standardize, calibrate, measure" (Old French jaugier), from gauge "gauging rod," a word of unknown origin. Perhaps from Frankish *galgo "rod, pole for measuring" or another Germanic source (compare Old Norse gelgja "pole, perch," Old High German galgo; see gallows). Related: Gauged; gauging. The figurative use is from 1580s. "The spelling variants gauge and gage have existed since the first recorded uses in Middle English, though in American English gage is found exclusively in technical uses" [Barnhart].

gauge (n.)

early 15c., "fixed standard of measure" (surname Gageman is early 14c.), from Old North French gauge "gauging rod" (see gauge (v.)). Meaning "instrument for measuring" is from 1670s; meaning "distance between rails on a railway" is from 1841.

Railway-gage, the distance between perpendiculars on the insides of the heads of the two rails of a track. Standard gage is 4 feet 8 1/2 inches; anything less than this is narrow gage; anything broader is broad gage. The dimension was fixed for the United States by the wheels of the British locomotive imported from the Stephenson Works in 1829. [Century Dictionary]

standard, criterion, measure, gauge

这些名词均含"标准"之意。

standard： 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。

criterion： 较正式用词，指判断、批评事物的标准，但不一定制成了规章。

measure与standard基本同义，但多用于比喻，指衡量某事物的质量准则。

gauge： 专指测量物体大小、厚度、直径等的标准规格。

Furthermore, by gauging the reactions to our self-disclosures we learn what types are acceptable or unacceptable with particular people and in specific situations.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.

出自-2010年12月听力原文

We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.

我们可根据树的摇动估计风力。

牛津词典

precision instruments that can gauge the diameter to a fraction of a millimetre

可测出直径为若干分之一毫米的精密仪器

牛津词典

standard gauge (= 56½ inches in Britain)

标准轨距（在英国为56.5英寸）

牛津词典

a narrow gauge (= narrower than standard) railway

窄轨铁路

牛津词典

Tomorrow's game against Arsenal will be a good gauge of their promotion chances.

明天与阿森纳队的比赛是衡量他们能否升级的很好的依据。

牛津词典

They interviewed employees to gauge their reaction to the changes.

他们与雇员面谈以判定他们的应变能力。

牛津词典

He tried to gauge her mood.

他试图揣摩她的心情。

牛津词典

It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.

很难判断她是否在生气。

牛津词典

a 12-gauge shotgun

12号猎枪

牛津词典

What gauge of wire do we need?

我们需要多大直径的金属丝？

牛津词典

a fuel/petrol/temperature, etc. gauge

燃料表、汽油量表、温度计等

牛津词典

...a narrow gauge railway.

窄轨铁路

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.

这一指数是政府判断未来经济活动的主要依据。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His mood can be gauged by his reaction to the most trivial of incidents.

从他对鸡毛蒜皮的小事的反应就可以判断出他的情绪。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...pressure gauges.

压力计

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...as he gauged possible enemy moves and his own responses...

他在盘算着敌人可能的动向和自己的对策时

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...temperature gauges.

温度计

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Distance is gauged by journey time rather than miles.

距离以行程时间而非英里数来计算。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He gauged the wind at over thirty knots...

他测出风速在30节以上。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

My gas gauge is way down.

车子油表降到底了.

期刊摘选

It's difficult to gauge one's character.

要判断一个人的品格是很困难的.

《简明英汉词典》

What gauge wires are you installing for your stereo speakers?

你要给立体声音箱装哪个规格的电线?

期刊摘选

I tried to gauge the depth of her sleep by the rate of her respiration.

我试图通过她的呼吸速率来测定她的睡眠深度.

辞典例句