graft

• vi. 移植；嫁接；贪污
• vt. 移植；嫁接；贪污
• n. 移植；嫁接；渎职
• n. （非正式）脚踏实地地埋头苦干

来自PIE*gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 用于植物学术语嫁接，即把切下来的一种植物移植到另一种植物上。俚语义行贿，即切下留作己用。比较 bribe.

1. (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient

2. the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage

3. the act of grafting something onto something else

graft

graft: [15] Graft, in its original sense ‘plant part inserted into a living plant’ (the application to skin and other animal tissue is a late 19thcentury development), came from its resemblance in shape to a pencil. Greek graphíon meant ‘writing implement, stylus’ (it was a derivative of the verb gráphein ‘write’, source of English graphic). It passed via Latin graphium into Old French as grafe, gradually changing in its precise application with the advance of writing technology.

By the time it reached Old French it denoted a ‘pencil’, and it was then that the resemblance to two artificially united plant stems was noted and the metaphor born. English took the word over as graff in the late 14th century (it actually survived in that form into the 19th century), and within a hundred years had added a -t to the end to give modern English graft. Graft ‘corruption’, first recorded in mid 19th-century America, may be the same word, perhaps derived from the notion of a graft as an ‘insertion’, hence ‘something extra, on the side’. Graft ‘hard work’ [19], on the other hand, is probably a different word, perhaps based on the English dialect verb graft ‘dig’, an alteration of grave ‘dig’.
=> graphic

graft (n.1)

"shoot inserted into another plant," late 15c. alteration of Middle English graff (late 14c.), from Old French graife "grafting knife, carving tool; stylus, pen," from Latin graphium "stylus," from Greek grapheion "stylus," from graphein "to write" (see -graphy). So called probably on resemblance of a stylus to the pencil-shaped shoots used in grafting. The terminal -t- in the English word is not explained. Surgical sense is from 1871.

graft (n.2)

"corruption," 1865, perhaps 1859, American English, perhaps from British slang graft "one's occupation" (1853), which is perhaps from the identical word meaning "a ditch, moat," literally "a digging" (1640s), from Middle Dutch graft, from graven "to dig" (see grave (v.)).

graft (v.)

late 15c., "insert a shoot from one tree into another," from graft (n.1). Figurative use by 1530s. Surgical sense by 1868. Related: Grafted; grafting.

a skin graft

移植的皮肤

牛津词典

Their success was the result of years of hard graft .

他们的成功是多年艰苦奋斗的结果。

牛津词典

newly grafted tissue

新移植的组织

牛津词典

New skin had to be grafted on from his back.

需从他的背部移植新皮肤。

牛津词典

Old values are being grafted onto a new social class.

旧的价值观念正植根于新的社会阶层。

牛津词典

His career has been one of hard graft.

他从事的职业劳动强度很大。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...another politician accused of graft.

又一位被控贪污的政界人物

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The Japanese tried to graft their own methods on to this different structure.

日本人试图将自己的方法移植到这种不同的体制中。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Pear trees are grafted on quince rootstocks.

梨树被嫁接到榅的根茎上。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The top layer of skin has to be grafted onto the burns.

必须将表层皮肤移植到烫伤处。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.

我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The application of starch acrylamide graft copolymer as papermaking additive in China are reviewed.

对淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物在我国造纸行业应用研究概况进行了一定程度的综述.

期刊摘选

We must investigate and clean up the petty graft which has appeared in some places.

必须检查和纠正各地已经发生的贪污现象.

期刊摘选

The grafting characteristics and graft ratio were investigated using infrared ( IR ) and thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) .

采用 红外 分析和热失重分析的方法研究了接枝状态和 接枝率.

期刊摘选

The boss of Minneapolis operated the most spectacular system of police graft in the country.

明尼阿波利斯的头头操纵着全国最引人注目的警察受贿网.

辞典例句

Saphenous vein graft occlusion is a main reason for the failure of coronary bypass grafting.

冠状动脉搭桥手术失败的主要原因是静脉移植物的再狭窄.

期刊摘选

This was his first hint at graft, favoritism.

这是他包庇,偏私的最初的暗示.

辞典例句

Conclusions: Sural nerve with peroneal vessels anastomosis is an ideal donor of nerve graft.

结论: 吻合腓血管的腓肠神经是神经移植的优良供体.

期刊摘选

They arrested my uncle to save evidence of his graft?

他们逮捕我的叔叔是要保存贪污证据?

电影对白

Owing to graft, the manager of this company was discharged from his post and prosecuted.

由于贪污, 这个公司的经理已被撤职查办.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

Objective Investigation on clinical application of amniotic graft in treating severe ocular alkali burns.

目的探讨羊膜移植在眼重度碱烧伤中的应用价值.

期刊摘选

The application of graft polymer of PP is also introduced.

并介绍聚丙烯接枝物的应用情况.

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Many trees succumb as a black line develops along the graft union.

沿着嫁接结合处长着一条黑线,结果许多树都死亡了.

辞典例句

This study describes a modification of the traditional autogenous vein graft technique.

为了增加静脉的弹性,我们将其以纯酒精脱水处理.

期刊摘选

Up to 30 % of patients loose the pancreas with a kidney graft that continues to function.

超过30%患者丢失胰腺功能但肾功能良好.

期刊摘选

Donor site morbidity at the bone graft harvest site 25 is another cause for concern.

取骨的供骨区病变25是另一种引起关注的原因.

期刊摘选

He spent money like water before he was arrested for the crimes of graft and embezzlement.

他因贪污盗窃而被捕,被捕前他挥金如土,一掷千金.

期刊摘选

A graft can be cut into in several ways.

嫁接体能被切成许多形状.

期刊摘选

Back decompression , fused by bone graft and internal fixation by pedicle screws is a good method.

后路椎管减压 、 植骨融合、经椎弓根螺钉系统内固定是一种较好的治疗方法.

期刊摘选