grave

• adj. 重大的；严肃的；黯淡的
• n. 墓穴，坟墓；死亡
• vt. 雕刻；铭记
• n. (Grave)人名；(英)格雷夫；(德、瑞典)格拉弗；(法)格拉夫；(俄、葡)格拉韦

来自PIE*ghrebh, 刮，挖，词源同carve, graph. 后该词主要指坟墓。

来自PIE*gwere, 重，词源同barometer, guru, gravity. 用于音乐术语。

1. death of a person;

"he went to his grave without forgiving me"

"from cradle to grave"

2. a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone);

"he put flowers on his mother's grave"

3. a mark (`) placed above a vowel to indicate pronunciation

grave

grave: Modern English has essentially two words grave. Grave ‘burial place’ goes back ultimately to prehistoric Indo-European *ghrebh- ‘dig’, which also produced Latvian grebt ‘hollow out’ and Old Church Slavonic pogreti ‘bury’. Its Germanic descendant had variants *grōb- (source of groove), *grub- (whence grub), and *grab-.

This last formed the basis of *graban, from which have come the verbs for ‘dig’ in most Germanic languages, including German graben, Dutch graven, Swedish gräva, and Danish grave. The English member of the family, grave, is now virtually obsolete as a verb (although its derivative engrave [16] survives); but its nominal relative grave, also formed from *grab-, is still very much with us. Grave ‘serious’ [16] comes via Old French grave from Latin gravis ‘heavy, important’, source also of English gravity and grief.

Its application to a backward-leaning accent (as in è) comes from the original use of such an accent-mark to indicate low or deep intonation.
=> engrave, groove, grub; gravity, grief

grave (n.)

"excavation in earth for reception of a dead body," Old English græf "grave; ditch, trench; cave," from Proto-Germanic *graban (cognates: Old Saxon graf, Old Frisian gref, Old High German grab "grave, tomb;" Old Norse gröf "cave," Gothic graba "ditch"), from PIE root *ghrebh- (2) "to dig, to scratch, to scrape" (source also of Old Church Slavonic grobu "grave, tomb"); related to Old English grafan "to dig" (see grave (v.)).

"The normal mod. representation of OE. græf would be graff; the ME. disyllable grave, from which the standard mod. form descends, was prob. due to the especially frequent occurrence of the word in the dat. (locative) case. [OED]

From Middle Ages to 17c., they were temporary, crudely marked repositories from which the bones were removed to ossuaries after some years and the grave used for a fresh burial. "Perpetual graves" became common from c. 1650. Grave-side (n.) is from 1744. Grave-robber attested from 1757. To make (someone) turn in his grave "behave in some way that would have offended the dead person" is first recorded 1888.

grave (adj.)

1540s, "influential, respected; marked by weighty dignity," from Middle French grave (Old French greve "terrible, dreadful," 14c.), from Latin gravis, "heavy, ponderous, burdensome, loaded; pregnant;" of matters, "weighty, important;" of sounds, "deep, low, bass;" figuratively "oppressive, hard to bear, troublesome, grievous," from PIE root *gwere- (2) "heavy" (cognates: Sanskrit guruh "heavy, weighty, venerable;" Greek baros "weight," barys "heavy in weight," often with the notion of "strength, force;" Old English cweorn "quern;" Gothic kaurus "heavy;" Lettish gruts "heavy"). In English, the sense "solemn, sober" is from 1580s; of immaterial things, "important, serious" 1590s. Greek barys (opposed to kouphos) also was used figuratively, of suffering, sorrow, sobbing, and could mean "oppressive, burdensome, grave, dignified, impressive." The noun meaning "accent mark over a vowel" is c. 1600, from French.

grave (v.)

"to engrave," Old English grafan "to dig, dig up; engrave, carve, chisel" (medial -f- pronounced as "v" in Old English; past tense grof, past participle grafen), from Proto-Germanic *grabanan (cognates: Old Norse grafa "to dig; engrave; inquire into," Old Frisian greva, Dutch graven "to dig, delve," Old High German graban, German graben, Gothic graban "to dig, carve"), from the same source as grave (n.). Its Middle English strong past participle, graven, is the only part still active, the rest of the word supplanted by its derivative, engrave.

earnest, serious, grave, severe, solemn, sober

这些形容词均有"严肃的"之意。

earnest： 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。

serious： 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。

grave： 侧重严肃和尊严，需要认真思考，含令人担忧意味。

severe： 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。

solemn： 指人表情或场景气氛严肃，侧重威严名印象深刻。

sober： 侧重因控制或抑制自己的感情而表现出的庄重。

grave, tomb, vault

这些名词都有"坟墓，墓穴"之意。

grave： 一般的土墓，指埋葬尸体的场所。

tomb语气比grave庄重，指有建筑工程的坟墓，可在地上，也可在地下。

vault： 指地下存放尸体或棺材的地方，也指用混凝土预制的墓穴。

"AI is hugely exciting," she said, "but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use."

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

The consequences will be very grave if nothing is done.

如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重的。

牛津词典

The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.

警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关注。

牛津词典

My father would turn in his grave if he knew.

我父亲知道的话在九泉之下也会不得安宁的。

牛津词典

She smoked herself into an early grave (= died young as a result of smoking) .

她因抽烟而早逝。

牛津词典

He followed her to the grave (= died soon after her) .

他紧跟着她离开了人世。

牛津词典

Is there life beyond the grave (= life after death) ?

人死后有来生吗？

牛津词典

There were flowers on the grave.

坟上有些花。

牛津词典

We visited Grandma's grave.

我们给祖母扫了墓。

牛津词典

He nodded gravely as I poured out my troubles.

我倾诉我的苦恼时他心情沉重地点了点头。

牛津词典

Local people are gravely concerned.

当地人都深感不安。

牛津词典

She is gravely ill.

她病得很重。

牛津词典

He looked very grave as he entered the room.

他进屋时表情非常严肃。

牛津词典

We were in grave danger.

我们处于极大的危险之中。

牛津词典

The consequences will be very grave if nothing is done.

如果不采取任何措施后果将会是非常严重的。

牛津词典

The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.

警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关注。

牛津词典

My father would turn in his grave if he knew.

我父亲知道的话在九泉之下也会不得安宁的。

牛津词典

She smoked herself into an early grave (= died young as a result of smoking) .

她因抽烟而早逝。

牛津词典

He followed her to the grave (= died soon after her) .

他紧跟着她离开了人世。

牛津词典

Is there life beyond the grave (= life after death) ?

人死后有来生吗？

牛津词典

There were flowers on the grave.

坟上有些花。

牛津词典

We visited Grandma's grave.

我们给祖母扫了墓。

牛津词典

Darwin must be turning in his grave at the thought of what is being perpetrated in his name.

一想到冒他之名所做下的那些事，达尔文在九泉之下一定不得安宁。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The magazine isn't trying to ruin his career, the man's digging his own grave by refusing an interview.

这份杂志并非想断送他的事业，而他拒绝接受采访就是在自毁前程。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Anxiously, she examined his unusually grave face.

她忐忑不安地审视着他异常严肃的脸色。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

William was up on the roof for some time and when he came down he looked grave...

威廉在屋顶上呆了一段时间，他下来的时候面色凝重。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I have grave doubts that the documents tell the whole story.

我对这些文件能否说明所有的问题深表怀疑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He said that the situation in his country is very grave...

他说他的国家情况十分危急。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Most men would rather go to the grave than own up to feelings of dependency.

大多数男人宁死都不愿承认有依赖感。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...drinking yourself to an early grave...

纵酒而自折其寿

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They used to visit her grave twice a year.

他们以前每年去她的墓前凭吊两次。

柯林斯高阶英语词典