grim

• adj. 冷酷的；糟糕的；残忍的
• n. (Grim)人名；(英、德、俄、捷、匈)格里姆

来自PIE*ghrem, 生气的，拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音。

1. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty;

"grim determination"

"grim necessity"

"Russia's final hour, it seemed, approached with inexorable certainty"

"relentless persecution"

"the stern demands of parenthood"

2. shockingly repellent; inspiring horror;

"ghastly wounds"

"the grim aftermath of the bombing"

"the grim task of burying the victims"

"a grisly murder"

"gruesome evidence of human sacrifice"

"macabre tales of war and plague in the Middle ages"

"macabre tortures conceived by madmen"

3. harshly ironic or sinister;

"black humor"

"a grim joke"

"grim laughter"

"fun ranging from slapstick clowning ... to savage mordant wit"

4. causing dejection;

"a blue day"

"the dark days of the war"

"a week of rainy depressing weather"

"a disconsolate winter landscape"

"the first dismal dispiriting days of November"

"a dark gloomy day"

"grim rainy weather"

5. harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance;

"a dour, self-sacrificing life"

"a forbidding scowl"

"a grim man loving duty more than humanity"

"undoubtedly the grimmest part of him was his iron claw"- J.M.Barrie

6. characterized by hopelessness; filled with gloom;

"gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"

"gloomy predictions"

"a gloomy silence"

"took a grim view of the economy"

"the darkening mood"

grim

grim: [OE] Indo-European *ghrem-, *ghromprobably originated in imitation of the sound of rumbling (amongst its descendants was grumins ‘thunder’ in the extinct Baltic language Old Prussian). In Germanic it became *grem-, *gram-, *grum-, which not only produced the adjective *grimmaz (source of German grimm, Swedish grym, and English, Dutch, and Danish grim) and the English verb grumble [16], but was adopted into Spanish as grima ‘fright’, which eventually arrived in English as grimace [17].
=> grimace, grumble

grim (adj.)

Old English grimm "fierce, cruel, savage; severe, dire, painful," from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Old High German, German grimm "grim, angry, fierce," Old Norse grimmr "stern, horrible, dire," Swedish grym "fierce, furious"), from PIE *ghrem- "angry," perhaps imitative of the sound of rumbling thunder (compare Greek khremizein "to neigh," Old Church Slavonic vuzgrimeti "to thunder," Russian gremet' "thunder").

A weaker word now than it once was; sense of "dreary, gloomy" first recorded late 12c. It also had a verb form in Old English, grimman (class III strong verb; past tense gramm, past participle grummen), and a noun, grima "goblin, specter," perhaps also a proper name or attribute-name of a god, hence its appearance as an element in place names.

Grim reaper as a figurative phrase for "death" is attested by 1847 (the association of grim and death goes back at least to 17c.). A Middle English expression for "have recourse to harsh measures" was to wend the grim tooth (early 13c.).

grim (n.)

"spectre, bogey, haunting spirit," 1620s, from grim (adj.).

Doctors can face some grim trade-offs.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

It is a grim reality that you can have one person who only makes around 13,000 dollars a year, while across town another is making millions.

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

grimly determined

坚定不移

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‘It won't be easy, ’ he said grimly.

“那不会很容易。”他严肃地说。

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Their performance was fairly grim, I'm afraid!

很遗憾，他们的演出真不怎么样！

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I feel grim this morning.

我今天早上感到不舒服。

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the grim walls of the prison

令人抑郁的监狱四壁

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The house looked grim and dreary in the rain.

这房子在雨中显得阴郁凄凉。

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Things are looking grim for workers in the building industry.

对建筑业的工人来说形势看来很不乐观。

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The outlook is pretty grim.

前景令人甚感忧虑。

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We face the grim prospect of still higher unemployment.

我们面临着失业率进一步上升的暗淡前景。

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grim news

令人沮丧的消息

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grim-faced policemen

表情严肃的警察

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with a look of grim determination on his face

他脸上带有的坚定不移的神态

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She looked grim.

她表情严肃。

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a grim face/look/smile

严肃的面孔 / 表情；冷笑

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Things were pretty grim for a time.

事情一度糟糕透了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Her expression was grim and unpleasant.

她表情严肃，看上去很不开心。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was a grim woman with a turned-down mouth...

她是个沉默寡言、令人畏惧的女人。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the tower blocks on the city's grim edges.

矗立在荒凉的城市边缘的一幢幢塔楼

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement.

这座城市最初可能并不吸引人，但是它有一种生机和活力。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There was further grim economic news yesterday...

昨天又传来更多令人沮丧的经济消息。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They painted a grim picture of growing crime...

他们描绘了犯罪率上升的严峻情形。

柯林斯高阶英语词典