首页英语词典grindgrind的意思

grind

英 [graɪnd] 美[ɡraɪnd]

英英释义词组搭配考试真题实用场景例句

近义词study work drudge plod

vt. 磨碎；磨快
vi. 磨碎；折磨
n. 磨；苦工作
n. (Grind)人名；(法、德)格林德

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词态变化

复数: grinds;第三人称单数: grinds;过去式: ground;过去分词: ground;现在分词: grinding;

助记提示

磨成grain 细粒；ground 在地上磨

中文词源

grind 磨碎

来自PIE*ghrendh, 磨，来自*ghreu的鼻音形式，词源同grit, grist.

英英释意

1. an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or studying excessively

2. hard monotonous routine work

3. the act of grinding to a powder or dust

英文词源

grind: grind: [OE] Grind is part of the ancient Indo- European word-stock. Relatives such as Latin frendere ‘crush’ and Lithuanian grendu ‘rub’ point back to an Indo-European *ghrendh-. This perhaps denoted ‘crushing’ rather than what we would today call ‘grinding’; for in earliest times grain was crushed rather than ground to produce meal. The connotations of the word seem to have changed in step with advances in grainpulverizing technology. (The same is true, incidentally, in the case of Indo-European *mel-, which produced the majority of modern European words for ‘grind’, from German mahlen and Spanish moler to Russian molot’, and also gave English meal, mill, molar, etc.) Grist [OE] was formed from the same base as produced grind, and until the 15th century meant simply ‘grinding’.
=> grist
grind (v.): Old English grindan "to rub together, crush into powder, grate, scrape," forgrindan "destroy by crushing" (class III strong verb; past tense grand, past participle grunden), from Proto-Germanic *grindanan (cognates: Dutch grenden), related to ground, from PIE *ghrendh- "to grind" (cognates: Latin frendere "to gnash the teeth," Greek khondros "corn, grain," Lithuanian grendu "to scrape, scratch"). Meaning "to make smooth or sharp by friction" is from c. 1300. Most other Germanic languages use a verb cognate with Latin molere (compare Dutch malen, Old Norse mala, German mahlen).
grind (n.): late Old English, "the gnashing of teeth;" c. 1200, "the act of chewing or grinding," from grind (v.). The sense "steady, hard, tedious work" first recorded 1851 in college student slang (but compare gerund-grinder, 1710); the meaning "hard-working student, one who studies with dogged application" is American English slang from 1864. Slang meaning "sexual intercourse" is by 1893.

考试真题

There is lots of snow around, and the ground freezes, which can make life difficult for animals.

Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch, Public Information Officer at Tompkins County’s Emergency Response Department.

Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries.

He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality.

Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one

One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takes a great deal of manpower.

And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.

The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community.

One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this ecological overshoot of the human economy, and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.

That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.

The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears.

Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum.

where lawyer-moms are thick on the ground.

One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,

The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.

Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.

How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample ( ' , make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.

Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.

Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic- field recording, and metal detector.

Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.

词组搭配

grind to a halt (或 come to a grinding halt)

move more and more slowly and then stop

慢慢地停下来

grind away

work or study hard

认真刻苦地干（或学）

grind someone down

wear someone down with continuous harsh or oppressive treatment

把（某人）折磨垮

mundane everyday things which just grind people down.
真正把人慢慢拖垮的日常琐事。

grind on

continue for a long time in a wearying or tedious way

缓慢而单调地继续

the rail talks grind on.
火车旅途中的谈话慢吞吞地继续着。

grind something out

produce something dull or tedious slowly and laboriously

缓慢而费力地完成（枯燥的工作）

I must grind out some more fiction.
我还得艰难地慢慢写出更多小说来。

实用场景例句

It's a long grind to the top of that particular profession.: 爬到那种行业的最高位置要经过漫长的艰苦奋斗。

the daily grind of family life: 家庭生活中繁重的家务劳动

She grinds out romantic novels at the rate of five a year.: 她以一年五部的速度胡乱拼凑低劣的爱情小说。

The argument ground on for almost two years.: 这场争论拖拖拉拉持续了近两年。

Years of oppression had ground the people down.: 人民年复一年地遭受着压迫。

Don't let them grind you down.: 别让他们欺压你。

Production ground to a halt during the strike.: 罢工期间生产渐渐陷入瘫痪。

to grind a pepper mill: 摇动胡椒磨

He ground the gears on the car.: 他把汽车排挡踩得嘎嘎作响。

She grinds her teeth when she is asleep.: 她睡觉时磨牙。

Parts of the machine were grinding together noisily.: 机器零件摩擦发出刺耳的声音。

The dirt on her hands was ground in.: 她手上的泥渍住了。

He ground his cigarette into the ashtray.: 他把香烟按在烟灰缸里捻灭。

a special stone for grinding knives: 磨刀用的石头

The flour is ground using traditional methods.: 这面粉是用传统方法磨制而成。

to grind coffee/corn: 将咖啡 / 谷粒磨成粉

The tanks ground to a halt after a hundred yards because the fuel had been siphoned out.: 由于燃油被人抽走，这些坦克行驶了100码后又轰隆隆地缓缓停了下来。

The peace process has ground to a halt while Israel struggles to form a new government.: 当以色列竭力组建新政府的时候，和平进程已经陷于停顿。

Life continues to be a terrible grind for the ordinary person.: 生活对于平头百姓而言依然是理不清的琐事。

The daily grind of government is done by Her Majesty's Civil Service...: 枯燥的日常政务都由女王陛下的政府行政部门来处理。

The grind of heavy machines could get on their nerves.: 重型机器发出的刺耳的摩擦声会让他们心烦意乱。

Tanks had crossed the border at five fifteen and were grinding south.: 坦克队于5点15分越过边境，正轰隆隆地缓慢向南开进。

The tip can be ground to a much sharper edge to cut smoother and faster.: 可以把尖端磨得更锋利些，这样切割起来更顺更快。

...a shop where they grind knives...: 磨刀铺

'Well,' I said, grinding my cigarette nervously into the granite step.: “好吧，”我边说边紧张不安地把香烟在花岗岩台阶上捻灭。

...the odor of fresh ground coffee.: 现磨咖啡的香气

Store the peppercorns in an airtight container and grind the pepper as you need it.: 将胡椒粒储存在密封容器中，在需要的时候磨成粉。