gross

• adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的
• vt. 总共收入
• n. 总额，总数
• n. (Gross)人名；(英、法、德、意、葡、西、俄、芬、罗、捷、匈)格罗斯

来自拉丁语grossus, 厚的，粗糙的。可能来自PIE*ghreu, 刮，磨，词源同great. 即刮下来来的粗糙大块状物体，后来指大的，总的。

1. twelve dozen

2. the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

gross

gross: [14] Gross comes via Old French gros from late Latin grossus ‘large, bulky’, a word of unknown origin (not related to German gross ‘large’). Its association with literal physical size has now largely died out in English, in the face of a growing figurative role in such senses as ‘coarse, vulgar’ and (of amounts) ‘total, entire’. Its use as a noun meaning ‘144’, which dates from the 15th century, comes from the French phrase grosse douzaine ‘large dozen’. Grocer is a derivative, as is engross [14]; this originally meant ‘buy up wholesale’, hence ‘gain exclusive possession of’ and, by metaphorical extension, ‘occupy all the attention of’.
=> engross, grocer

gross (adj.)

mid-14c., "large;" early 15c., "thick," also "coarse, plain, simple," from Old French gros "big, thick, fat; tall; strong, powerful; pregnant; coarse, rude, awkward; ominous, important; arrogant" (11c.), from Late Latin grossus "thick, coarse" (of food or mind), in Medieval Latin "great, big" (source also of Spanish grueso, Italian grosso), a word of obscure origin, not in classical Latin. Said to be unrelated to Latin crassus, which meant the same thing, or to German gross "large," but said by Klein to be cognate with Old Irish bres, Middle Irish bras "big."

Its meaning forked in English. Via the notion of "coarse in texture or quality" came the senses "not sensitive, dull stupid" (1520s), "vulgar, coarse in a moral sense" (1530s). Via notion of "general, not in detail" came the sense "entire, total, whole, without deductions" (early 15c.), as in gross national product (1947). Meaning "glaring, flagrant, monstrous" is from 1580s; modern meaning "disgusting" is first recorded 1958 in U.S. student slang, from earlier use as an intensifier of unpleasant things (gross stupidity, etc.).

gross (n.)

"a dozen dozen," early 15c., from Old French grosse douzaine "large dozen;" see gross (adj.). Earlier as the name of a measure of weight equal to one-eighth of a dram (early 15c.). Sense of "total profit" (opposed to net (adj.)) is from 1520s.

gross (v.)

"to earn a total of," 1884, from gross (adj.) in the "whole, total" sense. Slang meaning "make (someone) disgusted" (usually with out) is from 1971. Related: Grossed; grossing.

entire, whole, complete, full, total, gross, all

这些形容词都表示"完整的，全部的，整个的"之意。

entire： 除了有whole的意思外，还强调既不能加一个也不减少一个的含义。

whole比entire更普通，强调每个组成部分都包括在内，无一漏掉或舍去。

complete： 强调事物在内容、程度、或数量方面已完整，已达标准。

full： 侧重指内容，含有能包括所有的充足内容的意味。

total与complete用法相近，但强调总量。

gross： 侧重指未打折扣，未除去成本或皮重等与净重、净数相对。

all有时可与whole, entire和total换用。

vulgar, coarse, crude, gross

这些形容词均含"粗鲁的，粗俗的"之意。

vulgar： 侧重指对听者的冒犯，往往强调粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教养。

coarse： 指缺乏教养，言谈粗俗，举止粗野，可与vulgar换用。

crude与vulgar同义，也指言谈举止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教养。

gross： 语气强烈，指粗鲁、无礼貌，令人讨厌。

The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

It generated just 12% of the gross national income

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

It constituted 28% of the gross domestic product.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

US gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we're producing as much as before, only with 6% fewer workers.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product.

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product.

出自-2010年6月阅读原文

Now, that's gross earnings, I assume.

2016年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

‘He ate it with mustard. ’ ‘Oh, gross! ’

“他用芥末拌着吃。”“啊，真恶心！”

牛津词典

gross behaviour

粗鲁的行为

牛津词典

She's not just fat, she's positively gross!

她不只是胖，她简直是五大三粗！

牛津词典

She earns £25 000 a year gross.

她一年总收入为25 000英镑。

牛津词典

It is one of the biggest grossing movies of all time.

这是票房收入创历史之最的影片之一。

牛津词典

His bad breath really grossed me out.

他的口臭实在使我恶心。

牛津词典

two gross of apples

两罗苹果

牛津词典

to sell sth by the gross

按罗出售

牛津词典

a gross violation of human rights

严重侵犯人权

牛津词典

gross indecency/negligence/misconduct

严重猥亵 / 过失 / 渎职

牛津词典

Investments showed a gross profit of 26%.

投资毛利为26%。

牛津词典

gross income/wage (= before taxes, etc. are taken away)

（税前）总收益 / 工资

牛津词典

gross weight (= including the container or wrapping)

毛重

牛津词典

He ordered twelve gross of the disks.

他订购了12罗磁盘。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

So far the films have grossed more than £590 million.

到目前为止，这些电影的票房总收入已超过了5.9亿英镑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I'm a factory worker who grossed £12,900 last year...

我是个工厂工人，去年的总收入为12,900英镑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

National Savings gross sales in June totalled £709 million.

6月份国民储蓄机构的总销售额为7.09亿英镑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a fixed rate account guaranteeing 10.4% gross interest or 7.8% net until October.

10月份之前保证10.4%的毛利或7.8%的纯利收益的固定利率账户

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I only resist things like chocolate if I feel really gross.

我只有在觉得自己胖得很难看的时候才能拒绝巧克力这类东西的诱惑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He wears really gross holiday outfits.

他穿着十分难看的节日服装。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They had a commercial on the other night for Drug Free America that was so gross I thought Daddy was going to faint...

他们前几天晚上为“美国远离毒品”组织播的那则广告非常恶心，我觉得爸爸看了都快晕过去了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I feel disgusted and wonder how I could ever have been so gross.

我感到无地自容，不知道自己怎么会变得如此粗俗。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms...

他用不堪入耳的话辱骂那位海军上将。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...an act of gross injustice.

极端不公的法案

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The company were guilty of gross negligence.

该公司犯有严重过失。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

What do you like to do in your spare time?

空闲时你喜欢干什么?

辞典例句

Growth in the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) decelerated significantly, from 10.5 per cent in real terms in 2000 to a mere 0.1 per cent in 2001.

本地 生产总值 的实质增长由2000年10.5%大幅减至2001年仅有0.1%.

《简明英汉词典》