首页英语词典ifif的意思

if

英 [ɪf] 美[ɪf]

同义词辨析词组搭配考试真题实用场景例句

近义词

conj. （表条件）如果；即使；是否；（表假设）假如
n. 条件；设想

基本词汇高频词CET6考研TEM4CET4

词态变化

复数: ifs;

中文词源

if 如果

来自PIE*i,那个，那里，它，词源同id,idem,yonder.用作连词指如果。

英文词源

if: if: [OE] The Old English version of if was gif, but its initial g was closer to modern English y in pronunciation than to g, and the conjunction gradually evolved through Middle English yif to if. It is not known where it ultimately came from; it is evidently connected with Old High German iba ‘condition’ and Old Norse ef ‘doubt’, but whether it started life as a noun like these or was from the beginning a conjunction is not clear. Its surviving Germanic relatives are German ob ‘whether’ and Dutch of ‘if’.
if (conj.): Old English gif (initial g- in Old English pronounced with a sound close to Modern English -y-), from Proto-Germanic *ja-ba (cognates: Old Saxon, Old Norse ef, Old Frisian gef, Old High German ibu, German ob, Dutch of "if, whether"), from PIE pronominal stem *i- [Watkins]; Klein, OED suggest probably originally from an oblique case of a noun meaning "doubt" (compare Old High German iba "condition, stipulation, doubt," Old Norse if "doubt, hesitation," Swedish jäf "exception, challenge"). As a noun from 1510s.

同义词辨析

if, whether

这两个连接词均含"是否"之意。

if：作"是否"解时，多用于口语，引出宾语从句，不能直接跟or not连用。

whether：多用于书面语中，可与or或or not连用，除引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或与不定式连用。

考试真题

They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,' says Lindson-Hawley.

Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.

She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.

Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective, says Dr.

Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.

In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it.

If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.

I was thinking, ‘OK, guys, if you want to try to shut me down, shut me down.

Even if your personal reinvention is less drastic, we think there are lessons from her experience that apply.

Creating the future you want is a lot easier if you are ready to exploit the opportunities that come your way.

But I know if you don't grow, you stand still, and that doesn't work for me.

Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

If I could go back in history and live when I liked, I wouldn’t go back very far.

His teacher said if he went on like that, his face would get stuck when the winds changed.

to see whether people's personality affects their life span to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their health to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeto examine all the factors contributing to longevity They have a good understanding of evolution.

This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases, Salthouse said in a news release.

Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling.

Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps ( ' , 嘟嘟声 ), and ask for directions from a human.

If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate.

For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children.

Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.

But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted -86 living ( ' , even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home.

A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't? In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture.

So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.

If you are a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss.

If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation.

Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too.

The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.

Some began to stop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired.

Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald's more.

People should eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.

If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.

If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher.

If we are designing for engineers, I'm not talking about a ‘game' at all, Cornetti says.

If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm.

Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic formula for cracking it.

But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

If you spend a little time digging for the right part-time jobs, you’ll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too.

If you are a college student looking for work but worry you won’t have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or library monitor.

If you are a college student looking for a part-time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus.

If we buy food, we have to pay for it; if a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay.

He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive.

Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds.

Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.

Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money.

Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.

Show your wallet, if you still have one.

Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch.

No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.

It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.

Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.

If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: standards, results, skills, self-control, accountability, and so on.

If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories ( ' , 卡路里 ) outside the home.

If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.

If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing? They are culture-related.

If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias ( ' , 偏颇 ).

If anything, the information is overwhelming.

I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris ( ' , 得意忘形 ) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.

Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking.

Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it's time to shake things up.

Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either.

Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.

If I had the time and money, Iwould live for a year in as many countries as possible.

Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across.

Why Integrity Marten If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble

"If we are designing for engineers, I'm not talking about a "game" at all," Cornetti says.

"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there

"They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'" says Lindson-Hawley.

A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?

A study of the University of Chicago I Pad project found that patients got tests and 34 treatments faster if they were cared for by I Pad-equipped residents.

Also, if we both sign up before Friday, we can get a discount on a six-month membership.

An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living even if her children preferred it than in a nursing home.

An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.

And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes, and heart disease, and high blood pressure.

And,on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I'd done a lot of overtime during the week.

Anyway, if you vi sit Seattle, don't bring an umbrella.

As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes.

Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications."How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said."If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and mor

But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause—or if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with.

But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?

But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality.

But first we'd better contact Tom and Tracy, and see if they are up for it.

But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said?

But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable."

But it's pretty cool if your boss is all right.

But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early.

But the idea is, if you generate it from your side, it's got to affect the other side, if you get the right customers in.

Even if they could, Simpli Safe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic formula for cracking it.

Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.

Will parents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it.

White storks feed on locusts ( ' , 蝗虫) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand.

Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it's difficult for other people to break into it, said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year's winning U.S.Math Olympiad team.

Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long.

Participation grows through friends and networks and if you realize that's how they're growing, you can start to take action and bring in other students, he said.

Moreover, nonparticipation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they're primarily centered around ‘Let's get these kids' grades up,' and not around ‘Let's get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,' said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program.

If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.

If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted.

Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.

If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you are wrong.

Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.

They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.

That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.

That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong pay-go rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.

Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act.

Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.

If this is not happening today, we should ask why.

If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden.

If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger.

If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.

I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation.

Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year.

Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?( ' , 9 ) A recent International Labour Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.

Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work.

What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become prosumers, who produce and consume their own energy on-site?No one knows which – if any – battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear: The future of energy is in how we store it.

There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university--and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon.

So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like ancestry or population that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level.

Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit.

Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything.

If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time, Yudell told Live Science.

If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little--if any--of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year.

If employees respond quickly to their job assignments, the employer is likely to demand more from them.

Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together.

As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.

And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right.

Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship.

So what I’ve done is I’ve taken Sternberg’s three elements of love: intimacy, passion and commitment, and I’ve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.

So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg’s theory you have love.

Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three? What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully.

If children are turning to athletes as role models, it’s in their best interest if their idols are consistent.

He argued that you don’t have love if you don’t have all three of these elements.

We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time, says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York.

We found that when we taught participants to ask What if? and How can? questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit − asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better inter pretations of their results.

These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping- stone to middle-class mobility.

The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.

The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms.

That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( ' , or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes times.

So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.

It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people, she says.

It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group.

Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent.

If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.

If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( ' , possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy ( ' , 动能 ) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.

If you try to push a boulder ( ' , 大圆石 ), it pushes you bock.

If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate, Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.

If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly.

If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room.

He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because 1 think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.

For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap.

Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right — in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising groups.

But if it was known that Black people were viewed differently from African Americans, researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from.

And if we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.

Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is tobe fully realized.

If we could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, we can do a lot of work with the energy that is available.

If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.

Charles, as a singer, do you ever make yourself cry when you sing? I wonder if you can tell me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer.

And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now.

Lingering racism If the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)

"We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York.

"As advocates of children's rights, we believe that children should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible," says Stacey Steinberg, a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville.

"I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.

"If they are anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak," said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.

"If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise

"If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they're primarily centered around ‘Let's get these kids' grades up,' and not around ‘Let's get these kids access to the same kinds of oppor

"If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time," Yudell told live Science.

"It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people," she says.

A recent International Labour Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.

A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.

And if the sources don't give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won't be accurate.

And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot.

And that's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.

And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, the money kind of comes automatically.

And we also need to plan ahead so that we're in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable and even more so too for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements.

And, if you’re not sure, in is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider.

As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout.

As the great trumpet player, Louis Armstrong said, if you've got to ask, you'll never know.

Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.

Because if we aren't, we won't be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.

Because it's such a pity if you start off on a bright tone on a story and suddenly realize you are talking about some people having been killed in a road crash.

Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older?

But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.

But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society.

But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative.

But put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if it's a decision that doesn't have consensus.

A man was free if he was self-controlled.

A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.

A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.

According to the card, if you are unable to go, you can contact Alice's mother.

After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be moved again while the city was quiet.

And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together.

And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover.

And if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.

And if you have your lecture notes or the article in hand, you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to you, rather than just talking in a general way about the contents.

And if you want to make a change, please call me before march the 10th.

And if you're upset about that, then what's the point?

And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.

And people have been warned not to go out of their homes — not if you walk on foot, at least — between 11 in the morning and 7 in the evening.

And you are doing biology, if I remember correctly.

Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.

As Tolstoy once said, "one can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."

Asked if he needs help, he replies, " no, thanks."

But if the damage is caused by the user, you will have to pay for the repair.

But if you have a membership card, I can give you a 20% discount.

But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

But the urge would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.

But what if you miss something?

But, if I could explain, my mother doesn't want me to go overseas.

But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

Many studies show that older parents—today's grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.

Dario's mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.

Don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture.

Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet.

Even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.

Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.

Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner, the office hour will go better if it's just you and the professor.

For days the kids have been looking for others we can help! things would have played out so differently if I had simply said, "No, we really don't have money to give more."

For example, if you love animals, volunteer at an animal shelter.

For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.

Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding―undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism―if they had been made last week.

Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.

He always answered, "Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish", I remember being even more upset then because, "I'm not a fish!" I didn't know how to think like a fish.

He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

He can't help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! he behaves as if any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn't.

He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he was being followed.

He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.

He might not have done this particularly well, because the teacher told gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him.

He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.

He thought he would make more money if he gave them less food.

Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn't feel as bad.

How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?

How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to Toknow with gift pack from China?

How much would a mother earn a year if working as the prime minister?

How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someong came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky.

However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?

However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.

However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friends online.

However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos, whether to loved ones, or to some moral concept.

I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game.

I grew anxious: what if the family had simply left the cat behind?

I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

I thought to myself, "if he can do it, then so can I."

I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.

I wasn't sure if you'd be interested.

I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train, I have never had the courage to do it, though.

I wonder if you could send someone to have a look at it.

I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended.

I won't be surprised if you win the first prize.

I would be a different person if my mom hadn't turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.

I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.

If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.

If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.

If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping.

If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.

If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.

If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face the student court.

If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.

If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome.

If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.

If children often participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to participate in sports during adulthood.

If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yyemen's by the year 2050.

If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it.

If he didn't, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.

If he hadn't reacted quickly, there could have been a terrible accident.

If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal species on this planet.

If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.

If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured.

If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes , I wouldn't have believed it.

If I have a "new idea", I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.

If I have the chance to attend the class, I'm going to cut out a bird.

If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.

If I were you, I would tell her to stop.

If in doubt, declare it to customs.

If it had not been for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.

If it were not stopped, that long train, full of passengers, would fall into the stream.

If it weren't for dad, I wouldn't be where I am today.

If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.

If it's daytime in your destination, try to stay awake.

If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.

Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch.

If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.

In fat， circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.

If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed.

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.

But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.

Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.

When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years.

The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.

If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.

Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off.

But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.

Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.

Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.

The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.

Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.

First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary ( ' , if well-heeled) granny style.

If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest.

Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles ,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.

“So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.

“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women ( ' , and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.

In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.

If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals.

If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time.

Decide if the time is right.

But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility( ' , CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.

And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?.

If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined.

If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done.

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform.

"Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said.

"If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sport events," he said.

"So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said.

"When Dr.Epley and Mr.Schoreder asked other people in the same train station to predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York times summarizes.

After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it?

And if Peretti were in charge at the times?

And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.

But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.

But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.

But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of

But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.

But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them.

Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade.

Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid.

Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favour

Dr simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.

Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.

Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.

Failures stop us only if we let them.

first, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.

For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possibl

If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials those born between 1981 and 1995, the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.

If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children's caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by governance—is undermined.

If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?

If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate-where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform.

If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.

If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly hungry and dropping weight, this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.

If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.

If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing.

If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schoo

If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.

If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphin, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection.

If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.

If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face, we can take a moment before buying.

If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument.

If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion.

If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing.

If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment.

If you consistently lose your cool with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.

词组搭配

if and only if

used to introduce a condition which is necessary as well as sufficient

当且仅当

witches are real if and only if there are criteria for identifying witches.
当且仅当有标准识别女巫，女巫才是真实存在的。

if and when

at a future time (should it arise)

如果，万一

if and when the film gets the green light, be sure you've read the book first.
万一电影得到许可，千万保证你已经读过那本书了。

if anything

used to suggest tentatively that something may be the case (often the opposite of something previously implied)

如果是这样的话（之前多已提及相反的情况）

I haven't made much of this—if anything, I've played it down.
对此我并没有加以重视——如果是这样的话，那我是看低它了。

if I were you

used to accompany a piece of advice

（表示建议）换作是我

I would go to see him if I were you.
换作是我，我会去见他。

if not

perhaps even (used to introduce a more extreme term than one first mentioned)

［用于提出更极端的说法］甚至可能

hundreds if not thousands of germs.
数以百计甚至可能数以千计的细菌。

if only

even if for no other reason than

即使只为了

Willy would have to tell George more, if only to stop him pestering.
即使只为了阻止乔治惹恼别人，威利也会告诉他更多的。

used to express a wish, especially regretfully

要是…就好了

if only I had listened to you.
如果我听你的话就好了。

if so

if that is the case

若是这样

实用场景例句

If I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it...: 要是我是你,格蕾琴夫人,我一点都不会担心。

I am surprised by the fuss she's making. It's not as if my personality has changed.: 她的大惊小怪令我很吃惊。显然不是我的个性改变了。

Asthma drugs are not addictive and you don't need to keep increasing the dose. If anything, the reverse is true.: 哮喘药物不会造成药物依赖,你不用持续增大剂量。甚至正相反,减小剂量才对。

Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it...: 在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话,它反而巩固了我们的友谊。

Getting my work done! My God! As if it mattered.: 把我的工作做完！老天！好像它真的很重要似的。

My husband, for some unknown reason, suggested that I loved my birds more than him: as if I would...: 我丈夫,莫名其妙地,暗示我爱鸟甚于爱他：仿佛我真如此似的。

The two cousins looked as if they'd been carved from blocks of ice.: 两个堂姊妹看起来像由冰块雕刻而成。

He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun...: 他把两根手指指向他的头,仿佛他正举着一支枪。

His heart was pounding, as if he were frightened.: 他的心怦怦跳,似乎被吓坏了。

The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put together over the years...: 整个房间看起来好像是经过了多年的精心布置。

If only it were that simple!...: 要是那么简单就好了！

If only you had told me that some time ago...: 要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！

A one-to-one meeting with the US President was necessary, if only for a deeper exchange of views.: 与美国总统一对一的会谈是必要的,即便仅仅是为了双方观点更深入的交流。

She writes me often, if only to scold me because I haven't written to her...: 她常来信,即使仅仅为了责怪我还没回信给她。

If ever there was the right person in the right job it was she...: 要是真的有才尽其用的人,那就是她。

I became a distraught, worried mother, a useless role if ever there was one...: 我变成了一个忧心如焚的母亲,一个全无用处的角色。

She understood his meaning, if not his words, and took his advice.: 她即便没听懂他的话,也明白了他的意思,并且接受了他的建议。

A number of recent advances hold out if not the hope of a cure, then at least the possibility of some drug which could stop the spread of the virus...: 近来的一些进展即使不能提供治愈的希望,也至少有望研制出来某种药物来阻止病毒的传播。

Even if I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms...: 即便我夸大了营养的重要性,但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。

If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary...: 即便有点儿失望,也肯定是暂时的。

If you will just sign here, we will arrange for your bank to deduct your payments automatically.: 麻烦您在这里签一下字,我们将联系您的银行自动扣除您的付款。

I wonder if you'd be kind enough to give us some information, please?: 请问您能不能给我们提供一些信息？

So, if we may return strictly to athletics again for a few minutes...: 因此,如果我们可以再花几分钟重新回到田径运动话题上来的话……

If I could just make another small point about the weightlifters in the Olympics...: 请允许我就有关奥运会举重运动员的问题再补充一点。

I'm working on my fitness and I will be ready in a couple of weeks, if not sooner...: 我正在调养身体,最多两三周以后就可以了。

Sometimes, that standard is quite difficult, if not impossible, to achieve...: 有时即便有可能达到那个标准，那也是非常困难。

I wonder if I might have a word with Mr Abbot?: 请问我能否和阿博特先生说几句话？

He asked if I had left with you, and I said no...: 他问我是否和你一块儿离开的,我说不是。

You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations...: 如果你设法找到解决自己麻烦的办法,你自我感觉会好得多。

She gets very upset if I exclude her from anything...: 要是有什么事情我不让她参加,她会非常难过。

if