lean

• vi. 倾斜；倚靠；倾向；依赖
• adj. 瘦的；贫乏的，歉收的
• vt. 使倾斜
• n. 瘦肉；倾斜；倾斜度
• n. (Lean)人名；(西)莱安；(柬)连；(英)利恩

来自PIE*klei,倾斜，词源同clime,incline. 引申词义依靠。

1. the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the vertical;

"the tower had a pronounced tilt"

"the ship developed a list to starboard"

"he walked with a heavy inclination to the right"

lean

lean: [OE] Lean ‘thin’ and lean ‘incline’ are of course of completely different origin. The adjective goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *khlainjaz. The verb can be traced to an Indo- European base *kli- ‘lean, slope’, which has given English a wealth of vocabulary. Via Greek intermediaries have come climate, climax, and clinic, while its Latin descendant clīnāre has produced decline, incline, and recline.

The prehistoric Germanic verb formed from it was *khlinōjan, which has diversified into modern German lehnen, Dutch leunen, and English lean. From the same Germanic base come ladder, and also perhaps links ‘golf course’ [OE], which originally meant ‘sloping or rising ground’.
=> climate, climax, clinic, decline, incline, ladder, links, recline

lean (v.)

c. 1200, from Old English hleonian "to bend, recline, lie down, rest," from Proto-Germanic *khlinen (cognates: Old Saxon hlinon, Old Frisian lena, Middle Dutch lenen, Dutch leunen, Old High German hlinen, German lehnen "to lean"), from PIE root *klei- "to lean, to incline" (cognates: Sanskrit srayati "leans," sritah "leaning;" Old Persian cay "to lean;" Lithuanian slyti "to slope," slieti "to lean;" Latin clinare "to lean, bend," clivus "declivity," inclinare "cause to bend," declinare "bend down, turn aside;" Greek klinein "to cause to slope, slant, incline;" Old Irish cloin "crooked, wrong;" Middle Irish cle, Welsh cledd "left," literally "slanting;" Welsh go-gledd "north," literally "left" -- for similar sense evolution, see Yemen, Benjamin, southpaw).

Meaning "to incline the body against something for support" is mid-13c. Figurative sense of "to trust for support" is from early 13c. Sense of "to lean toward mentally, to favor" is from late 14c. Related: Leaned; leaning. Colloquial lean on "put pressure on" (someone) is first recorded 1960.

lean (adj.)

"thin, spare, with little flesh or fat," c. 1200, from Old English hlæne "lean, thin," possibly from hlænan "cause to lean or bend," from Proto-Germanic *khlainijan, which would connect it to Old English hleonian (see lean (v.)). But perhaps rather, according to OED, from a PIE *qloinio- (with cognates in Lithuanian klynas "scrap, fragment," Lettish kleins "feeble"). Extended and figurative senses from early 14c. The noun meaning "lean animals or persons" is from c. 1200, from the adjective.

lean (n.)

"action or state of leaning," 1776, from lean (v.).

lean, slender, slim, slight, thin

这些形容词均有"瘦的"之意。

lean： 侧重缺少脂肪。既可能是因病而瘦，也可能因饥饿而消瘦。也指身体消瘦，但肌肉结实，身体健康。

slender： 指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。

slim： 指身体的细长，体重轻不着重外形的优美，可用于不同的性别，常用于减轻体重的人。

slight： 指身材又瘦又小。

thin： 普通用词，指腰细、骨架窄，常因疾病或疲劳而消瘦。

I lean toward the latter view.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before.

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced nationwide Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children's meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two items from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy.

出自-2012年12月听力原文

I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can lean.

2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a lean back medium, crave interaction.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

The robots also lean the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on t

2018年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction.

2016年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, " the classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."

2018年高考英语全国卷3 语法填空 原文

But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.

2016年高考英语四川卷 语法填空 原文

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” ( ' , read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and lean towards R&D more than the average.

2016年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help shape how executives think about the future. "It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and lean towards R&D more than the average," said on

2016年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" is a piece of cake.

2011年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

I leaned back in my chair.

我仰靠在椅背上。

牛津词典

The tower is leaning dangerously.

那座塔越来越斜，很危险。

牛津词典

A man was leaning out of the window.

一个人正探身窗外。

牛津词典

A shovel was leaning against the wall.

一把铁铲靠墙放着。

牛津词典

She walked slowly, leaning on her son's arm.

她倚靠着她儿子的手臂缓慢行走。

牛津词典

Can I lean my bike against the wall?

我能把自行车靠在这墙上吗？

牛津词典

He leans heavily on his family.

他在很大程度上依赖他的家庭。

牛津词典

The government has been leaning on the TV company not to broadcast the show.

政府一直给电视公司施加压力，不准播放此节目。

牛津词典

The UK leant towards the US proposal.

英国倾向于美国的提案。

牛津词典

a lean, muscular body

清瘦而肌肉发达的身体

牛津词典

He was tall, lean and handsome.

他长得瘦高而英俊。

牛津词典

a lean period/spell

不景气时期

牛津词典

The company recovered well after going through several lean years .

经历了几年的萧条后，这家公司的业务才完全恢复了正常。

牛津词典

The changes made the company leaner and more competitive.

改革使公司更精干，更有竞争力。

牛津词典

Eileen leaned across and opened the passenger door...

艾琳倾身把后座门打开。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He leaned forward to give her a kiss...

他前倾吻了她一下。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was feeling tired and was glad to lean against him...

她正感到有些疲倦，因此很高兴可以靠在他身上。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Lean the plants against a wall and cover the roots with peat...

把植物靠墙摆放，用泥煤盖住根部。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Like most athletes, she was lean and muscular...

跟大部分运动员一样，她身形清瘦，肌肉结实。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She watched the tall, lean figure step into the car.

她看着那个瘦高个儿上了车。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is a beautiful meat, very lean and tender.

这块肉很好，又瘦又嫩。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the leanest ground beef you can get.

买得到的最瘦的碎牛肉

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The value of the pound will force British companies to be leaner and fitter.

英镑目前的汇率将迫使英国公司厉行精兵简政。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...cutting corporate flab and building leaner companies.

削减企业赘肉，建立瘦身型公司

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the lean years of the 1930s...

萧条的20世纪30年代

柯林斯高阶英语词典

With fewer tourists in town, the taxi trade is going through its leanest patch for 30 years.

随着城里游客的减少，出租车行业正遭受30年来最不景气的时期。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The seats have no back against which to lean.

这些座位都没有靠背可倚.

《简明英汉词典》

Do it yourself; don't lean on others for support.

自己做, 不要依赖别人的支持.

《简明英汉词典》