litter

• n. 垃圾；轿，担架；一窝（动物的幼崽）；凌乱
• vt. 乱丢；给…垫褥草；把…弄得乱七八糟
• vi. 产仔；乱扔废弃物
• n. (Litter)人名；(匈、德)利特

来自拉丁语lectus,床，沙发，来自PIE*legh,躺，词源同lie.其原义为床，折叠床，担架，轿子，后来指铺床的草垫，草，猫窝，一窝猫崽，现在用于词义杂草，杂物，垃圾。拼写比较latte,lettuce.

1. the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal

2. rubbish carelessly dropped or left about (especially in public places)

3. conveyance consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by bearers

4. material used to provide a bed for animals

litter

litter: [13] The word litter has come a long way semantically since it was born, from ‘bed’ to ‘rubbish scattered untidily’. It goes back ultimately to Latin lectus ‘bed’, a distant relative of English lie and source of French lit ‘bed’ (which forms the final syllable of English coverlet [13], etymologically ‘bed-cover’). From lectus was derived medieval Latin lectāria, which passed into English via Old French litiere and Anglo-Norman litere ‘bed’.

This original sense was soon extended in English to a ‘portable conveyance or stretcher’, which still survives, just, as an archaism, but the word’s main modern sense, which first emerged fully in the 18th century, derives from the notion of scattering straw over the floor for bedding.
=> coverlet

litter (n.)

c. 1300, "a bed," also "bed-like vehicle carried on men's shoulders" (early 14c.), from Anglo-French litere "portable bed," Old French litiere "litter, stretcher, bier; straw, bedding," from Medieval Latin lectaria "litter" (altered in French by influence of lit "bed"), from Latin lectus "bed, couch," from PIE *legh-to-, from root *legh- "to lie" (see lie (v.2)).

Meaning extended early 15c. to "straw used for bedding" (early 14c. in Anglo-French) and late 15c. to "offspring of an animal at one birth" (in one bed); sense of "scattered oddments, disorderly debris" is first attested 1730, probably from Middle English verb literen "provide with bedding" (late 14c.), with notion of strewing straw. Litter by 19c. had come to mean both the straw bedding and the animal waste in it after use.

litter (v.)

late 14c., "provide with bedding," from litter (n.). Meaning "to strew with objects" is from 1713. Transitive sense of "to scatter in a disorderly way" is from 1731. Related: Littered; littering.

waste, garbage, rubbish, litter, debris, junk

这些名词均含"废物，垃圾"之意。

waste： 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。

garbage： 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。

rubbish： 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。

litter： 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。

debris： 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。

junk： 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。

However, some parents are concerned that it encourages their children to drop litter so they can watch the birds to pick it up.

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.

2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

If you love helping the environment, plant trees or pick up litter.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 七选五 原文

There will be fines for people who drop litter .

乱扔垃圾的人将被罚款。

牛津词典

The floor was covered with a litter of newspapers, clothes and empty cups.

地板上到处都是乱七八糟的报纸、衣服和空杯子。

牛津词典

cat litter

猫砂

牛津词典

(British English)a litter tray

猫砂盘

牛津词典

(North Amercian English)a litter box

铺了便溺垫物的箱子

牛津词典

a litter of puppies

一窝小狗

牛津词典

the runt (= the smallest and weakest baby) of the litter

一窝中最弱小的幼畜

牛津词典

Piles of books and newspapers littered the floor.

地板上乱七八糟地堆了许多书和报纸。

牛津词典

Broken glass littered the streets.

街上到处是玻璃碎片。

牛津词典

The floor was littered with papers.

地板上乱七八糟扔了许多报纸。

牛津词典

He was arrested for littering.

他因乱扔垃圾被拘留。

牛津词典

Your essay is littered with spelling mistakes.

你的文章里到处是拼写错误。

牛津词典

If you see litter in the corridor, pick it up...

在过道里看到垃圾的话请捡起来。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

On Wednesday we cleared a beach and woodland of litter.

星期三我们清理了一块海滨林地的垃圾。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He pushed aside the litter of books and papers and laid two places at the table.

他把桌子上凌乱堆放着的书本和报纸推开，摆了两套餐具。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Glass from broken bottles litters the pavement.

人行道上满是破碎瓶子的玻璃渣。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

History is littered with men and women spurred into achievement by a father's disregard...

历史上因为被父亲漠视而发奋成功的儿女数不胜数。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Charles' speech is littered with lots of marketing buzzwords like 'package' and 'product'.

查尔斯的演讲充斥着“包装”、“产品”之类的营销领域流行用语。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a litter of pups.

一窝小狗

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Little drops of water, Litter grains of sand, make the mighty ocean and the pleasant land.

几滴水 、 几粒沙组成了广阔的海洋和美妙的沙滩.

期刊摘选

Don't litter the ground with paper.

勿随地乱扔纸屑.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

She heard smile through tears, throwing ground paper right away into litter bag.

她听了破涕为笑,马上把碎纸扔进了垃圾袋.

期刊摘选

From April 1989, to April 1990,6 litter Belgium Rabbi ts ( 39 ones ) were mesured.

作者于1989年4月至1990年4月,自建兔舍,亲自饲养,相继对6窝39只比利时兔进行了详细测定.

期刊摘选

Do not throw confetti, and Cashew Nut Shell does not litter bags.

不乱扔纸屑, 不乱丢果壳和包装袋.

期刊摘选