race

英 [reɪs] 美[res]

n. 属，种；种族，人种；家庭，门弟
vt. 使参加比赛；和…竞赛；使急走，使全速行进
vi. 比速度，参加竞赛；全速行进
n. (Race)人名；(英)雷斯；(塞)拉采

基本词汇高频词CET6考研TEM4CET4

词态变化

复数: races;第三人称单数: races;过去式: raced;过去分词: raced;现在分词: racing;

中文词源

race 比赛，竞赛，人种，种族

1.来自古英语 raes,跑动，跳，来自 Proto-Germanic*res,置换自 PIE*ers,移动，运动，词源同 errand.引申词义比赛，竞赛。 2.人种，种族，来自中古法语 razza,种族，世系，家族，可能来自拉丁语 radix,根，词源同 root,radish.

英英释意

1. any competition;: "the race for the presidency"

2. people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock;: "some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings"

3. a contest of speed;: "the race is to the swift"

4. the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller

5. (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species

6. a canal for a current of water

英文词源

race: race: For such a common word – or rather two words, for ‘people, population’ [16] and ‘speed competition’ [13] are unrelated – surprisingly little is known about the origins of race. The former comes via French from Italian razza, but the antecedents of razza are obscure. The ‘running’ race originally meant ‘rush’, and was borrowed from Old Norse rás ‘rush, running, race’ – again, of unknown origin.
race (n.1): "act of running," c. 1300, from Old Norse ras "running, rush (of water)," cognate with Old English ræs "a running, a rush, a leap, jump; a storming, an attack;" or else a survival of the Old English word with spelling influenced by the Old Norse one. The Norse and Old English words are from Proto-Germanic *res- (cognates: Middle Dutch rasen "to rave, rage," German rasen, Old English raesettan "to rage" (of fire)), from a variant form of PIE *ers- (1) "be in motion" (see err). Originally a northern word, it became general in English c. 1550. Meaning "act of running" is from early 14c. Meaning "contest of speed" first recorded 1510s.
race (n.2): "people of common descent," a word from the 16th century, from Middle French race, earlier razza "race, breed, lineage, family" (16c.), possibly from Italian razza, of unknown origin (cognate with Spanish and Portuguese raza). Etymologists say no connection with Latin radix "root," though they admit this might have influenced the "tribe, nation" sense.

Original senses in English included "wines with characteristic flavor" (1520), "group of people with common occupation" (c. 1500), and "generation" (1540s). Meaning "tribe, nation, or people regarded as of common stock" is by 1560s. Modern meaning of "one of the great divisions of mankind based on physical peculiarities" is from 1774 (though as OED points out, even among anthropologists there never has been an accepted classification of these).
Just being a Negro doesn't qualify you to understand the race situation any more than being sick makes you an expert on medicine. [Dick Gregory, 1964]
In mid-20c. U.S. music catalogues, "Negro." Klein suggests these derive from Arabic ra's "head, beginning, origin" (compare Hebrew rosh). Old English þeode meant both "race, folk, nation" and "language;" as a verb, geþeodan, it meant "to unite, to join."
race (v.): c. 1200, rasen "to rush," from a Scandinavian source akin to the source of race (n.1), reinforced by the noun in English and by Old English cognate ræsan "to rush headlong, hasten, enter rashly." Meaning "run swiftly" is from 1757. Meaning "run in competition against" is from 1809. Transitive sense of "cause to run" is from 1860. In reference to an engine, etc., "run with uncontrolled speed," from 1862. Related: Raced; racing.
race (n.3): "strong current of water," c. 1300, originally any forward movement or swift running, but especially of water, from Old Norse ras "a rushing" (see race (n.1)). Via Norman French the word entered French as ras, which might have given English race its specialized meaning of "channel of a stream" (especially an artificial one to a mill), which is recorded in English from 1560s.

同义词辨析

nation, people, race

这些名词均含"民族，种族"之意。

nation：特指居住于同一区域，有共同历史、语言、文化及心理素质等的人类群体。

people：侧重指由有共同文化、社会基础而所形成的人民整体。

race：专指有共同祖先和相同肤色、面部特征等遗传特征以及共同风俗等的人群。

run, jog, race, trot

这些动词均有"跑"之意。

run：最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。

jog：指从容不迫地慢跑。

race：多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。

trot：强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。

考试真题

He estimated that the comfort level will increase considerably in five to ten years3) One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

Although this incident very much alters the race of the two participants competing for a win, both are going to continue on their way toward the finish line.

Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.

Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships

At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.

The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race

The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race

According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.

Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable

Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

Roommates of different races just don't get along

Students of different races are required to share a room.

Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception

It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color.

Well, I always loved racing bikes and fixing them.

Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of height, but rather one to collect the most solar energy.

One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

Middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life.

Mr.Ishiguro, have you ever found one of your books at a secondhand bookstore? According to a study of race and equity in education, black athletes are dropping out of college across the country at alarming rates.

But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.

a basis for explaining human genetic diversityan aid to understanding different populationsan explanation for social and cultural differencesa term to describe individual human characteristicsmodern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflictsrace is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversityrace as a biological term can explain human genetic diversitygenetics research should consider social and cultural variablesit is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosisit is important to include social variables in genetics researchracial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictionsdiscrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatmentThey be more precise with the language they use.

While we argue phasing out racial terminology ( ' , 术语 ) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities ( ' , 差异 ) between groups, Yudell said.

Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning.

The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.

Physiological disparities are quite striking among races.

More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining.

Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.

Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.

If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time, Yudell told Live Science.

E.B.Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people.

Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting.

This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history, a predominantly urban species.

At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses.

On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing

These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race.

Beyond race We also don't yet know how long the Obama effect—both its good side and its bad—will last

And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether?

This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an insidious (隐伏的) side

The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial stereotypes.

Today many people have come to realize that help the environment and for the human race to survive, more of us will need to become vegetarian.

The roommate's race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students.

The jury's prejudice against his race

People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races.

"If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time," Yudell told live Science.

According to a study of race and equity in education, black athletes are dropping out of college across the country at alarming rates.

Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the othe

middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family life.

That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.

Then, one day, I came across a book, called In Praise of Slowness, and realized that being busy is not only detrimental, but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race.

today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning.

We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future.

We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane.

Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).

Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "

So Maybe you love car racing, or Maybe you hate it.

The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.

The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.

The race began on January 27.

There were moments of frustration of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race.

He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch.

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be sel

Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock.

There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career.

This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MTI's Center for Digital Business.

We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.

Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies.

词组搭配

be in the race

[usu. with negative](Austral./NZ informal)have a chance of success

(澳/新西兰，非正式)有希望赢；有成功机会

with you dressed up, none of us others will be in the race.
你这样一打扮，我们谁都没有赢的希望。

a race against time

a situation in which something must be done before a particular point in time

和时间赛跑，抢时间

it was a race against time to reach shore before the dinghy sank.
小舢板必须抢在下沉之前到达岸边。

实用场景例句

a race between the two best runners of the club: 俱乐部中两名最佳选手的赛跑

Who won the race ?: 谁赢了赛跑？

He's already in training for the big race against Bailey.: 为了跟贝利一决雌雄，他已经着手训练了。

Their horse came third in the race last year.: 他们的马在去年的比赛中获得了第三名。

a boat/horse/road, etc. race: 划船比赛、赛马、公路赛等

a five-kilometre race: 五公里赛跑

Shall we have a race to the end of the beach?: 咱们比赛跑到海滩那一头，好吗？

the race for the presidency: 总统竞选

The race is on (= has begun) to find a cure for the disease.: 人们开始争相寻找这种疾病的疗法。

to go to the races: 去参加赛马会

the Caucasian/Mongolian, etc. race: 白种人、蒙古人种等

people of mixed race: 混合种族的人

This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.: 这一习俗在全世界各种族中都有。

The women's race was won by the American, Patti Sue Plumer.: 女子赛跑的冠军被美国人帕蒂·休·普卢默夺得。

In the 10 years I raced in Europe, 30 drivers were killed...: 在我10年的欧洲赛车生涯中，有30名车手丧生。

They may even have raced each other — but not regularly.: 他们甚至可能曾经相互比试过，只不过不是经常性的。

The high point of this trip was a day at the races.: 此行的高潮是去看赛马会的那一天。

The race for the White House begins in earnest today...: 入主白宫的角逐今天正式开始。

The race is on to build up membership fast.: 举办这次竞赛是为了迅速招募成员。

The College welcomes students of all races, faiths, and nationalities...: 学院欢迎所有的学生，无论其种族、宗教信仰和国籍是什么。

Discrimination by employers on the grounds of race and nationality was illegal.: 雇主以种族或国籍为由歧视员工是非法的。

He raced across town to the State House building...: 他快速穿过市区赶往州议会大厦。

The hares raced away out of sight.: 野兔飞奔而去，很快就看不见了。

Do they realize we are racing towards complete economic collapse?...: 他们意识到我们的经济马上要彻底崩溃了吗？

American economic growth raced ahead.: 美国的经济飞速增长。

He still raced sports cars as often as he could.: 他仍然尽可能经常地参加赛车比赛。

I made sure I sounded calm but my mind was racing...: 我确保自己听上去很镇定，但脑筋却飞快地转着。

Already her mind was racing ahead to the hundred and one things she had to do...: 她的脑子已经急速地转动起来，思考自己必须做的那一大堆事。

Her heart raced uncontrollably.: 她控制不住地心跳加速。

An air force spokesman said the rescue operation was a race against time.: 一名空军发言人说这次营救行动是在和时间赛跑。

race

词态变化

中文词源

英英释意

英文词源

同义词辨析

考试真题

词组搭配

be in the race

a race against time

实用场景例句

考试词汇

频率词汇

分类词汇

单词首字母

汉语字典查询

词语词性