scrape

• n. 刮掉；擦痕；困境；刮擦声
• vt. 刮；擦伤；挖成
• vi. 刮掉；刮出刺耳声

来自古英语 scrapian,刮，擦，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrapona,刮，擦，来自 PIE*skerb,扩大形 式自 PIE*sker,砍，切，削，刮，词源同 share,shear,scribe.引申诸相关词义。

1. a harsh noise made by scraping;

"the scrape of violin bows distracted her"

2. an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

3. a deep bow with the foot drawn backwards (indicating excessive humility);

"all that bowing and scraping did not impress him"

4. an indication of damage

scrape

scrape: [14] Scrape is certainly of Germanic origin, but it is not clear whether it was borrowed from Old Norse skrapa (ancestor of Swedish skrapa and Danish skrabe) or Middle Dutch schrapen. Either way it goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base *skrap-, source also of Old English scrapian ‘scratch’, which survived into the 16th century as shrape. Scrap ‘small piece’ [14] was borrowed from Old Norse skrap ‘remnants, trifles’, a derivative of the same base as skrapa; and scrap ‘fight’ [17] may have originated as a variant of scrap.
=> scrap

scrape (v.)

early 13c., probably from Old Norse skrapa "to scrape, erase," from Proto-Germanic *skrapojan (cognates: Old English scrapian "to scrape," Dutch schrapen, German schrappen), from PIE *skerb-, extension of root *(s)ker- "to cut" (see shear (v.)). Meaning "gather by great effort, collect with difficulty" is from 1540s. Related: Scraped; scraping. To scrape the bottom of the barrel in figurative sense is from 1942, in reference to U.S. employers facing worker shortages during the war.

scrape (n.)

mid-15c., "a scraping instrument;" late 15c., "act of scraping or scratching," from scrape (v.). Meaning "a shave" is slang from 1859. Meaning "embarrassing or awkward predicament" is recorded from 1709, as OED suggests, "probably from the notion of being 'scraped' in going through a narrow passage."

I was a little scared at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders.

2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

She scraped the mud off her boots.

她刮掉了靴子上的泥。

牛津词典

The kids had scraped their plates clean.

孩子们把自己的盘子擦得干干净净。

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I scraped the side of my car on the wall.

我车的一侧被墙刮了。

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Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.

抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。

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She fell and scraped her knee.

她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。

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The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.

她的手指头让金属丝刮掉了皮。

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I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.

我听得见他的钢笔在纸上沙沙地响。

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We could hear her scraping away at the violin.

我们听得见她正一个劲儿吱吱呀呀地拉小提琴。

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Don't scrape your chairs on the floor.

别把椅子在地板上蹭得嘎吱嘎吱响。

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The team scraped a narrow victory last year.

这支队去年险胜。

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(British English)I just scraped a pass in the exam.

我考试勉强及格。

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They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.

他们在街头演奏音乐，勉强维持生活。

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The government scraped home (= just won) by three votes.

政府以三票的微弱优势勉强过关。

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He found a suitable place, scraped a hole and buried the bag in it.

他找了个合适的地方，挖个坑，把包埋了进去。

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Her hair was scraped back from her face in a ponytail.

她的头发拢在后面，扎成一个马尾辫。

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I can just scrape by on what my parents give me.

我靠父母给的那点钱只能勉强度日。

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He scraped in with 180 votes.

他以180票勉强当选。

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Our team just scraped into the semi-finals.

我们这支队勉强挤入半决赛。

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Scrape out the flesh of the melon with a spoon.

用小勺挖出瓜瓤。

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I might scrape through the exam if I'm lucky.

要是走运的话，我也许能勉强及格。

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We managed to scrape together eight volunteers.

我们好不容易凑齐八名志愿者。

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the scrape of iron on stone

铁摩擦石头发出的嚓嚓声

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She emerged from the overturned car with only a few scrapes and bruises.

她从翻了的车里钻出来，只擦破一点皮，碰了几块淤青。

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He was always getting into scrapes as a boy.

他小时候老闯祸。

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She went round the car scraping the frost off the windows...

她把结霜的车窗挨个儿擦干净。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Young children were trying to scrape up some of the rice that spilled from the sacks.

小孩子们正试图铲起从麻袋中散落的米粒儿。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The only sound is that of knives and forks scraping against china...

只听见刀叉摩擦瓷器的刺耳声。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The cab driver struggled with her luggage, scraping a bag against the door as they came in...

出租车司机费力地拿着她的行李，进门时把一个包剐破了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She stumbled and fell, scraping her palms and knees.

她绊了一下摔倒了，手掌和膝盖都蹭破了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

We got into terrible scrapes.

我们走投无路。

柯林斯高阶英语词典