sentence

• n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决
• vt. 判决，宣判

来自古法语 sentence,裁决，判断，决定，来自拉丁语 sententia,裁决，决定，表达思想，现在 分词格名词形式于 sentire,感觉，感知，发表意见，来自 PIE*sent,感觉，词源同 sense.引申词 义教条，训导，格言等。后主要用于语法格指句子，即一个完整的表达。

1. a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language;

"he always spoke in grammatical sentences"

2. (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed;

"the conviction came as no surprise"

3. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned;

"he served a prison term of 15 months"

"his sentence was 5 to 10 years"

"he is doing time in the county jail"

sentence

sentence: [13] ‘Complete grammatical unit’ is a comparatively recent meaning of sentence, which only emerged in English in the 15th century. Its Latin ancestor sententia originally meant ‘feeling’, for it was a derivative of sentīre ‘feel’ (source also of English sense, sentiment, etc). It subsequently broadened out to ‘opinion, judgment’, which was the starting point for the use of English sentence for ‘judicial declaration of punishment’. Sententia also came to denote ‘meaning’, and hence ‘meaning expressed in words’ and ‘maxim’.

The former lies behind the grammatical sense of English sentence, while the latter survives in the derived adjective sententious [15].
=> sense, sententious

sentence (n.)

c. 1200, "doctrine, authoritative teaching; an authoritative pronouncement," from Old French sentence "judgment, decision; meaning; aphorism, maxim; statement of authority" (12c.) and directly from Latin sententia "thought, way of thinking, opinion; judgment, decision," also "a thought expressed; aphorism, saying," from sentientem, present participle of sentire "be of opinion, feel, perceive" (see sense (n.)). Loss of first -i- in Latin by dissimilation.

From early 14c. as "judgment rendered by God, or by one in authority; a verdict, decision in court;" from late 14c. as "understanding, wisdom; edifying subject matter." From late 14c. as "subject matter or content of a letter, book, speech, etc.," also in reference to a passage in a written work. Sense of "grammatically complete statement" is attested from mid-15c. "Meaning," then "meaning expressed in words." Related: Sentential.

sentence (v.)

"to pass judgment," c. 1400, from sentence (n.). Related: Sentenced; sentencing.

sentence, condemn, judge, convict, doom

这些动词均含有"判决，宣判"之意。

sentence： 法律用词，指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。

condemn： 普通用词，指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。

judge： 指对案件作出审理判决，但判决内容较笼统，不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。

convict： 法律用词，指审判后判定有罪，但未作最后判决。

doom： 书面用词，指郑重他宣判某人有罪。

Her prison sentence might have been extended.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was paying her dues, and that there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

And he always starts his sentence by saying, " Wow, your chops were slow

出自-2012年12月听力原文

As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that " there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

Dog-fighting victims are tortured and killed for profit and "sport," yet their criminal abusers often receive a 28 minimal sentence for causing a lifetime of pain.

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

In the United States, the governor of a state has the power to change a sentence from the death penalty to life in prison.

2015年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk,with short sentences.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

However,while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and……" No one talks like that casually — or should

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

Question 34: What led directly to Jackson's sentence?

出自-2012年6月听力原文

If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you…" or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it.

2018年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文

He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: be bold and brave.

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.

2019年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

出自-2015年考研阅读原文

a jail/prison sentence

判处监禁

牛津词典

a light/heavy sentence

轻判；重判

牛津词典

to be under sentence of death

被判处死刑

牛津词典

The judge passed sentence (= said what the punishment would be) .

法官宣布了判决。

牛津词典

The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow.

犯人已服刑期满，明天将获释。

牛津词典

to be sentenced to death/life imprisonment/three years in prison

被判死刑 / 终身监禁 / 三年徒刑

牛津词典

They are already serving prison sentences for their part in the assassination...

他们因参与这起刺杀已经开始在监狱服刑了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He was given a four-year sentence...

他被判了4年徒刑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

A military court sentenced him to death in his absence...

一所军事法庭在他缺席的情况下判处他死刑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was sentenced to nine years in prison...

她被判 9 年徒刑。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Hard work always takes your mind off domestic problems.

繁重的工作总使你忘记家庭的问题.

期刊摘选

The old law could sentence a woman to an unbearable marriage for life, but this is now all changing.

旧法律能够迫使妇女终身接受不堪忍受的婚姻, 但这种情况现在已经完全改变了.

《简明英汉词典》

Use a period at the end of the sentence.

在一个句子的末尾用句号.

《简明英汉词典》

His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.

他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑.

《简明英汉词典》

He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.

等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期.

《简明英汉词典》

This sentence bears no other construction.

这个句子没有别的解释.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The sentence was two years'hard labour suspended for a year.

判处强劳两年,缓期执行一年.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

If you change the words over, the sentence sounds better.

如果你把词调换一下位置, 这个句子听起来就更好了.

《简明英汉词典》

The sentence was mild.

判刑判得很轻.

《简明英汉词典》

The judge handed down a very heavy sentence on him.

法官给他判了很重的刑.

《简明英汉词典》

Begin every sentence with a capital.

每个句子开始要用大写字母.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

The convict was pardoned after serving five years of his sentence.

罪犯服刑5年才获赦免.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

This is an ambiguous sentence.

这是一个含意不清的句子.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

I can't sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.

我无法用一句话来概括他的全部人生观.

《简明英汉词典》

If you drink with a bosom friend , a thousand cups are too few . If you argue with a man, half a sentence is too much.

酒逢知己千杯少, 话不投机半句多.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

He escaped a prison sentence by reason of unsound mind at the time the crime was committed.

他以犯罪时精神不正常为由逃过了监禁刑罚.

《简明英汉词典》

The death sentence may be commuted to life imprisonment.

死刑可能減为无期徒刑.

《简明英汉词典》