shock

• n. 休克；震惊；震动；打击；禾束堆
• vt. 使休克；使震惊；使震动；使受电击；把…堆成禾束堆
• vi. 感到震惊；受到震动；堆成禾束堆
• adj. 浓密的；蓬乱的
• n. (Shock)人名；(英)肖克

可能来自中古荷兰语 schokken,摇动，摇晃，猛拉，猛推，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,摇动， 颤动，来自 PIE*skek,摇动，摇晃，词源同 shake.引申诸相关词义。

1. the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally;

"his mother's deathleft him in a daze"

"he was numb with shock"

2. the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat;

"the armies met in the shock of battle"

3. a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body;

"subjects received a small electric shock when they mae the wrong response"

"electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks"

4. (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor;

"loss of blood is an important cause of shock"

5. an instance of agitation of the earth's crust;

"the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch"

6. an unpleasant or disappointing surprise;

"it came as a shock to learn that he was injured"

7. a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field;

"corn is bound in small sheeves and several sheeves are set up together in shocks"

"whole fields of wheat in shock"

8. a bushy thick mass (especially hair);

"he had an unruly shock of black hair"

9. a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses;

"the old car needed a new set of shocks"

shock

shock: English has two words shock in current general usage. Shock ‘heavy blow, unpleasant surprise’ [16] was borrowed from French choc, a derivative of the verb choquer ‘strike’, whose origins are unknown. Shock ‘thick shaggy mass of hair’ [19] is a nominalization of an earlier adjective shock ‘thick and shaggy’ [17], but it is not clear where this came from. It has been linked with the obsolete shough, which referred to a sort of dog, and another possibility is that it is connected with the now little used shock ‘stack of sheaves of corn’ [14]. This was probably borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German schok.

shock (n.1)

1560s, "violent encounter of armed forces or a pair of warriors," a military term, from Middle French choc "violent attack," from Old French choquer "strike against," probably from Frankish, from a Proto-Germanic imitative base (compare Middle Dutch schokken "to push, jolt," Old High German scoc "jolt, swing").

Meaning "a sudden blow" is from 1610s; meaning "a sudden and disturbing impression on the mind" is from 1705. Sense of "feeling of being (mentally) shocked" is from 1876. Medical sense is attested from 1804 (it also once meant "seizure, stroke," 1794). Shock-absorber is attested from 1906 (short form shocks attested by 1961); shock wave is from 1907. Shock troops (1917) translates German stoßtruppen and preserves the word's original military sense. Shock therapy is from 1917; shock treatment from 1938.

shock (n.2)

"bundle of grain," early 14c., from Middle Low German schok "shock of corn," originally "group of sixty," from Proto-Germanic *skukka- (cognates: Old Saxon skok, Dutch schok "sixty pieces; shock of corn;" German schock "sixty," Hocke "heap of sheaves"). In 16c.-17c. English the word sometimes meant "60-piece lot," from trade with the Dutch.

shock (n.3)

"thick mass of hair," 1819, from earlier shock (adj.) "having thick hair" (1680s), and a noun sense of "lap dog having long, shaggy hair" (1630s), from shough (1590s), the name for this type of dog, which was said to have been brought originally from Iceland; the word is perhaps from the source of shock (n.2), or from an Old Norse variant of shag (n.). Shock-headed Peter was used in 19c. translations for German Struwwelpeter.

shock (v.1)

"to come into violent contact, strike against suddenly and violently," 1570s, now archaic or obsolete, from shock (n.1). Meaning "to give (something) an electric shock" is from 1746; sense of "to offend, displease" is first recorded 1690s.

shock (v.2)

"arrange (grain) in a shock," mid-15c., from shock (n.2). Related: Shocked; shocking.

shock, impact, collision, clash

这些名词均含"冲击，碰撞"之意。

shock： 指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。

impact： 正式用词，侧重指物体相撞的结果或接触点。

collision： 指物体相撞，其结果不是受损就是严重受阻。

clash： 通常指两个或多个物体，特别是金属物发出刺耳声音或破裂声的撞击。也可引申指意见、利益等的冲突。

But this and other price shocks were event-driven—drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S.Corn Belt.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

Even as a satire ( ' , 讽刺 ), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with shocking headlines.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

witnesses said people were looking on in horror, as the child's mother, identified by sources as Maria Samara, stood frozen in shock.

2016年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young.

出自-2016年6月阅读原文

A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard's public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.

出自-2012年12月阅读原文

She went into shock after an operation.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

I was shocked to hear of your wife's illness.

出自-2013年6月听力原文

He was shocked, it was like he did not think anyone would ever know what he had done.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 完形填空 原文

I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.

2018年高考英语浙江卷 语法填空 原文

Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Suddenly another thought went through kate's mind like an electric shock.

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don't expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn't working.

2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices that can shock the heart back into work.

2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

When a secretary in my office first called him "motorhead", I was shocked.

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

When the car's owner John anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car-which was itself worth ￡35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were shocked to find two policemen standing next to it.

2018年高考英语北京卷 完形填空 原文

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” ( ' , read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

The 8-0 objection to President Obama trues on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.

出自-2014年考研阅读原文

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock.

出自-2017年考研阅读原文

Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked.

2018年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" is a piece of cake.

2011年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would happen.

2018年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

The news of my promotion came as a shock .

我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。

牛津词典

He's still in a state of shock .

他至今还惊魂未定。

牛津词典

I got a terrible shock the other day.

前两天，可把我吓坏了。

牛津词典

She still hadn't got over the shock of seeing him again.

竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。

牛津词典

(informal)If you think the job will be easy, you're in for a shock .

如果你以为这项工作容易，那你就会大吃一惊。

牛津词典

Losing in the first round was a shock to the system (= it was a more of a shock because it was not expected) .

首轮失利让人大为震惊。

牛津词典

The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round.

球队首轮失利，十分意外。

牛津词典

She was taken to hospital suffering from shock .

她因休克被送到医院。

牛津词典

He isn't seriously injured but he is in (a state of) shock .

他伤得不重，但处于休克状态。

牛津词典

The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away.

爆炸引起的剧烈震荡在六英里之外都能感觉到。

牛津词典

The bumper absorbs shock on impact.

遇到撞击时保险杠能减轻震动。

牛津词典

Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock .

别碰那根电线，不然会触电的。

牛津词典

It shocks you when something like that happens.

发生这样的事情，使人觉得难以置信。

牛津词典

The extent of the violence came as a shock...

暴力程度令人震惊。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He has never recovered from the shock of your brother's death...

他从未从你哥哥去世的打击中恢复过来。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The little boy was speechless with shock...

那小男孩惊得说不出话来。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She's still in a state of shock.

她仍惊魂未定。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He was found beaten and in shock...

发现他被打得休克了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They escaped the blaze but were rushed to hospital suffering from shock.

他们逃离了火海,却因休克而被迅速送往医院。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

After forty years in the police force nothing much shocks me...

在警队呆了 40 年后，我对什么都见怪不怪了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.

救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

You can't shock me...

我不会被你激怒的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They were easily shocked in those days...

在那个年代，他们动不动就对一些事情看不顺眼。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the shock announcement that she is to resign.

她将要辞职的惊人声明

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a shock defeat.

令人震惊的落败

柯林斯高阶英语词典

This is the latest in a series of shocks to the Scandinavian banking system.

这是一系列对斯堪的纳维亚银行系统的冲击中最近的一次。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the economic pain of two oil shocks.

两次原油冲击下的经济萧条

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Steel barriers can bend and absorb the shock.

钢制栅栏可以弯曲并能吸收冲击力。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Do you think I need new shocks?

你认为我需要换新的减震器吗？

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...a very old priest with a shock of white hair.

满头白发、年事已高的神父

柯林斯高阶英语词典