首页英语词典spiritspirit的意思

spirit

英 ['spɪrɪt] 美['spɪrɪt]

英英释义同义词辨析词组搭配考试真题实用场景例句

近义词disposition temper nature

反义词

n. 精神；心灵；情绪；志气；烈酒
vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐

TEM4CET6常用词汇CET4考研中高频词

词态变化

复数: spirits;第三人称单数: spirits;过去式: spirited;现在分词: spiriting;

中文词源

spirit 精神，心灵，勇气，意志，烈酒，酒精，灵魂，小精灵，小妖精

来自古法语 espirit,精神，灵魂，精气，来自拉丁语 spiritus,呼吸，吐气，神灵的呼吸，来自 spirare,呼吸，来自 PIE*speis,吹，词源同 conspire,perspire,respire.引申诸相关比喻义。比较另一个拉丁词 anima,呼吸，生命，衍生词 animal,animation.

英英释意

1. the vital principle or animating force within living things

2. the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people;: "the feel of the city excited him"; "a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting"; "it had the smell of treason"

3. a fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character

4. any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings

5. the state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection);: "his emotional state depended on her opinion"; "he was in good spirits"; "his spirit rose"

6. the intended meaning of a communication

7. animation and energy in action or expression;: "it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it"

8. an inclination or tendency of a certain kind;: "he had a change of heart"

英文词源

spirit: spirit: [13] Latin spīritus originally meant ‘breath’: it was derived from the verb spīrāre ‘breathe’ (source of English aspire [15], conspire [14], expire [15], inspire [14], perspire [17], respire [14], transpire [16], etc), which probably came ultimately from the prehistoric Indo-European base *speis- or *peis-, imitative of the sound of blowing or breathing out (source also of Old Church Slavonic piskati ‘whistle’, Serbo-Croat pistati ‘hiss’, and Old Norse físa ‘fart’).

But in the Augustan period it gradually began to take over as the word for ‘soul’ from anima (source of English animal, animate, etc), which itself originally denoted ‘breath’, and in Christian Latin writings it was the standard term used.
=> aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respire, transpire
spirit (n.): mid-13c., "animating or vital principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French spirit, Old French espirit "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French esprit) and directly from Latin spiritus "a breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath; breath of a god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence "life;" also "disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance," related to spirare "to breathe," from PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic pisto "to play on the flute").

Meaning "supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is attested from mid-14c.; from late 14c. as "a ghost" (see ghost (n.)). From c. 1500 as "a nature, character"; sense of "essential principle of something" (in a non-theological context, as in Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1680s, common after 1800; Spirit of '76 in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's "Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser."

From late 14c. in alchemy as "volatile substance; distillate;" from c. 1500 as "substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone." Hence spirits "volatile substance;" sense narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768). Also from mid-14c. as "character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;" in Middle English freedom of spirit meant "freedom of choice." From late 14c. as "divine substance, divine mind, God;" also "Christ" or His divine nature; "the Holy Ghost; divine power;" also, "extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power, especially of prophecy." Also "essential nature, essential quality." From 1580s in metaphoric sense "animation, vitality."

According to Barnhart and OED, originally in English mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruah. Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek psykhe vs. pneuma, Latin anima vs. spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. Latin spiritus, usually in classical Latin "breath," replaces animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma. Spirit-rapping is from 1852.
spirit (v.): 1590s, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, alcohol, etc.), from spirit (n.). The meaning "carry off or away secretly" (as though by supernatural agency) is first recorded 1660s. Related: Spirited; spiriting.

同义词辨析

soul, ghost, spirit

这些名词均含"灵魂，心灵"之意。

soul：指超越身体之外，永远存在的无形的东西，即所谓灵魂，亦可作人解。

ghost：普通用词，主要指死者的灵魂。

spirit：当指与body相对而言的所谓灵魂时，可与soul互换使用，但强调人的精神素质，也指神仙、精灵等。

考试真题

Companies, marketers and teachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitive spirits.

With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.

It helps to create team spirit

teaching can be designed to promote boys'eam spirit

They help develop people's community spirit.

How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parentchild relations were described as the generation gap.

It symbolized the American spirit.

He was happy to see the return of the do-it-yourself spirit in America.

But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap.

A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way,say advocates,to address a ‘crisis' in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced.

How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?

If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine.

with the proceeds pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.

After all, "patty poem" gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.

Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.

Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.

How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of "understanding" that can be dug out of a book.

However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friends online.

They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.

We regarded this as a chance to prove the human spirit.

When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left- liberal propaganda.

When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive, " or left- liberal propaganda.

When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.

While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.

词组搭配

enter into the spirit

join wholeheartedly in an event, especially one of celebration and festivity

全身心地投入活动（尤指节庆活动）中

he &B{entered into the spirit of} the occasion by dressing as a pierrot.
他打扮成丑角的模样全身心地投入了这个活动。

in (或 in the) spirit

in thought or intention though not physically

在精神上

he couldn't be here in person, but he is with us in spirit.
他虽然不能亲自到这来，但他的精神是和我们在一起的。

the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak

(proverb)someone has good intentions but fails to live up to them

(谚)心灵愿意，但肉体却软弱了；心有余而力不足

when the spirit moves someone

when someone feels inclined to do something

在某人想（或喜欢）做某事时，只要某人高兴

he can be quite candid when the spirit moves him.
只要他高兴，他有时也会相当坦率的。

the spirit world

(in animistic and occult belief) the non-physical realm in which disembodied spirits have their existence

（在万物有灵论和神秘信仰中的）灵魂世界

spirit someone up

(archaic)stimulate, animate, or cheer up someone

(古)激励人；鼓舞人

实用场景例句

the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties: 人类克服困难的精神力量

to be in high/low spirits: 情绪高 / 低

You must try and keep your spirits up (= stay cheerful) .: 你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。

My spirits sank at the prospect of starting all over again.: 想到一切都得从头再来，我的情绪一下子低落了。

a brave spirit: 勇敢的人

kindred spirits (= people who like the same things as you): 志趣相投的人

Show a little fighting spirit .: 要表现出一点斗志。

Although the team lost, they played with tremendous spirit.: 尽管输了，但队员表现得极为勇猛。

They took away his freedom and broke his spirit.: 他们夺去了他的自由，摧垮了他的意志。

The human spirit is virtually indestructible...: 人的精神实际上是不可摧毁的。

Marian retains a restless, youthful spirit, in search of new horizons.: 玛丽安怀着一颗年轻、不断进取的心去寻求新的天地。

His spirit has left him and all that remains is the shell of his body.: 他已灵魂出窍，剩下的只是他的躯壳。

...protection against evil spirits.: 避邪

She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit.: 她是个非常勇敢的女孩，认识她的人都敬佩她的勇气。

They played with spirit.: 他们打得生龙活虎。

Their problem can only be solved in a spirit of compromise...: 他们的问题只能通过妥协来解决。

They approached the talks in a conciliatory spirit.: 他们抱一种和解的态度去参加谈判。

There is a great sense of team spirit among the British Olympic squad...: 在英国的奥运代表团中有一种强烈的团队精神。

The president has appealed to the Brazilian people for patriotism and community spirit.: 总统已经呼吁巴西人民要有爱国情怀和集体主义精神。

...the real spirit of the Labour movement.: 劳工运动的精髓

The requirement for work permits violates the spirit of the 1950 treaty.: 对工作许可证的要求违反了 1950 年条约的精神。

I like to think of myself as a free spirit...: 我愿意把自己看成是个无拘无束的人。

He was the founder and guiding spirit of New York's Shakespeare Festival.: 他是纽约莎士比亚戏剧节的创始人及领导者。

At supper, everyone was in high spirits...: 晚餐时，每个人都兴致勃勃。

A bit of exercise will help lift his spirits.: 进行一点儿体育锻炼能帮助他改善情绪。

He was spirited away and probably murdered...: 他被秘密带走，可能被杀害了。

His parents had spirited him away to the country...: 他的父母偷偷地将他带到了该国。

In spirit I was with you here.: 我在精神上支持你。

They seemed close in spirit to those first independent-minded Turkish women who took professions...: 她们在本质上似乎和那些最早出去工作的具有独立思想的土耳其女性很相似。

It is independent in spirit.: 它本质上是独立的。