stem

• n. 干；茎；船首；血统
• vt. 阻止；除去…的茎；给…装柄
• vi. 阻止；起源于某事物；逆行

来自古英语 stemn,植物茎，树干，来自 Proto-Germanic*stamniz,站立，来自 PIE*sta,站立，词 源同 stand,state.引申诸相关词义。

1. (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed;

"thematic vowels are part of the stem"

2. a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ

3. cylinder forming a long narrow part of something

4. the tube of a tobacco pipe

5. front part of a vessel or aircraft;

"he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line"

6. a turn made in skiing; the back of one ski is forced outward and the other ski is brought parallel to it

stem

stem: The stem [OE] of a tree is etymologically the upright part, the part that ‘stands’ up. The word comes from prehistoric Germanic *stamniz, a derivative of the base *sta- ‘stand’ (which also produced English stand). The application to the ‘front of a vessel’ (as in from stem to stern) comes from the notion of an ‘upright beam’ at the prow (and originally the stern also) of a boat, which dates back to the Anglo-Saxon period. Stem ‘stop’ [13] was borrowed from Old Norse stemma, a descendant of prehistoric Germanic *stamjan.

This was formed from the base *stam- ‘stop, check’, which also produced English stammer and stumble.
=> stand, statue; stammer, stumble

stem (n.)

Old English stemn, stefn "stem of a plant, trunk of a tree," also "either end-post of a ship," from Proto-Germanic *stamniz (cognates: Old Saxon stamm, Old Norse stafn "stem of a ship;" Danish stamme, Swedish stam "trunk of a tree;" Old High German stam, German Stamm), from suffixed form of PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet).

Meaning "support of a wineglass" is from 1835. Meaning "unchanging part of a word" is from 1830. Stems slang for "legs" is from 1860. The nautical sense is preserved in the phrase stem to stern "along the full length" (of a ship), attested from 1620s. Stem cell attested by 1885.

stem (v.1)

"to hold back," early 14c., from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse stemma "to stop, dam up; be stopped, abate," from Proto-Germanic *stamjan (cognates: Swedish stämma, Old Saxon stemmian, Middle Dutch stemon, German stemmen "stop, resist, oppose"), from PIE root *stem- "to strike against something" (cognates: Lithuanian stumiu "thrust, push"). Not connected to stem (n.). Related: Stemmed; stemming. Phrase to stem the tide is literally "to hold back the tide," but often is confused with stem (v.2) "make headway against."

Verbal phrase stems from (1932, American English), perhaps is from stem (v.) in the sense "to rise, mount up, have origin in" (1570s), or is influenced by or translates German stammen aus, probably from a figurative sense represented by English stem (n.) in the sense of "stock of a family, line of descent" (c. 1540; cognates: family tree, and German stammvater "tribal ancestor," literally "stem-father").

stem (v.2)

"make headway by sailing, head in a certain course," late 14c., literally "to push the stem through," from stem (n.) in the "ship post" sense (here the post at the prow of the ship). Related: Stemmed; stemming.

The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.

出自-2014年6月阅读原文

She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all levels of the public educational system.

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields.

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

We all know there exists a great void in the public educational system when it comes to exposure to STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics courses.

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness.

出自-2015年12月阅读原文

Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured.

出自-2011年12月阅读原文

In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math).

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.

出自-2010年12月阅读原文

It is also critical for socially charged neuroscience issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior, the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, or the use of animal models, areas where the public understand

2018年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

I picked up the stem cells in providence, rhode island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.

出自-2010年考研阅读原文

Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

出自-2013年考研阅读原文

a long-stemmed rose

一枝长茎玫瑰

牛津词典

‘Writ ’ is the stem of the forms ‘writes ’, ‘writing ’ and ‘written ’.

writ是writes、writing和written三个词的词干。

牛津词典

The cut was bandaged to stem the bleeding.

伤口进行了包扎止血。

牛津词典

They discussed ways of stemming the flow of smuggled drugs.

他们讨论了遏制走私毒品流通的办法。

牛津词典

The government had failed to stem the tide of factory closures.

政府没有控制住工厂纷纷倒闭的势头。

牛津词典

All my problems stem from drink...

我所有的问题都源于酗酒。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.

不稳定局面多半是由战争对经济的影响造成的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Austria has sent three army battalions to its border with Hungary to stem the flow of illegal immigrants...

奥地利已派出 3 个营的兵力去本国和匈牙利交界的边境地区阻止非法移民的流入。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The authorities seem powerless to stem the rising tide of violence...

当局似乎无力阻止愈演愈烈的暴力活动。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He stooped down, cut the stem for her with his knife and handed her the flower.

他弯下腰，用刀替她将花茎割断，然后将花递给她。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He chewed the stem of his pipe and eyed her sceptically.

他嘴里衔着烟斗柄，满腹狐疑地打量着她。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

A South African television report said the ship was ablaze from stem to stern.

南非一则电视新闻报道称，那艘船从头到尾都着了火。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There are two types of stem growth habit and floral initiation in soybean.

大豆茎生长习性和花的发生有两种类型.

辞典例句

Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Chemical Microenvironment of the Intervertebral Disc.

椎间盘化学微环境中干细胞的行为.

期刊摘选

Branch A lateral stem arising from another stem of the same form.

枝:同种类型的茎上生出的侧茎.

期刊摘选

I've read the book from stem to stern.

这本书我已从头至尾读完.

辞典例句

Correct decisions stem from correct judgements.

正确的决心来源于正确的判断.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

Cut the stem cleanly, just beneath a leaf joint.

把茎切整齐点, 正好切在叶根下.

《简明英汉词典》

The stem of the mushroom is broken.

这只蘑菇的梗折断了.

《简明英汉词典》

The ship was in a blaze from stem to stern.

整艘船从头到尾都着火了.

《简明英汉词典》

They searched the ship from stem to stern , looking for the missing suitcase.

他们对船进行了彻底的搜索, 寻找那只遗失的手提箱.

《简明英汉词典》

You must stem the flow of blood from the wound.

你必须止住伤口流血.

《简明英汉词典》

His efforts to stem the tide of violent crime have been as effective as Canute's.

他遏制暴力犯罪增长的努力一直是螳臂当车。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

The plant's stem is marked with thin green longitudinal stripes.

这种植物的茎上长有绿色细长条纹。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

a glass with a slender stem

高脚酒杯

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

Twist the string carefully around the second stem with the other hand.

用另外一只手小心地把细绳缠绕到第二根茎上。

柯林斯例句

He told the magazine in an exclusive interview: "All my problems stem from drink".

他在接受一家杂志社的独家采访时说：“我所有的问题都是饮酒造成的。”

柯林斯例句

He was still conscious, trying to stem the bleeding with his right hand.

他依然清醒，正试图用右手止血。

柯林斯例句