substitute

• n. 代用品；代替者
• vi. 替代
• vt. 代替

sub-,在下，向上，-stit,站立，词源同 stand,institute.即站在下面的，随时准备站上去的，引申 词义代替，替代。

1. a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another

2. an athlete who plays only when another member of the team drops out

3. someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult);

"the star had a stand-in for dangerous scenes"

"we need extra employees for summer fill-ins"

substitute

substitute: see statue

substitute (v.)

early 15c. (transitive), from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituere "put in place of another" (see substitution). Transitive use is from 1888. Related: Substituted; substituting.

substitute (n.)

"one who acts in place of another," early 15c., from Middle French substitut (noun use) and directly from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituere "put in place of another" (see substitution). Military draft sense is from 1777, American English. Team sports sense is from 1849. Of foodstuffs, from 1879. As an adjective from early 15c.

delegate, deputy, representative, agent, substitute

这些名词有"代表，代理人"之意。

delegate： 指一般被派参加某一会议的代表。

deputy： 指上级授权代理行事的代表，特指被选择为执行全部或部分公务的人。

representative： 一般指被选举或委派代表某人或一些人或某个较大团体的人，其职务有时是较长期的。

agent： 普通用词，通常指经授权代理另一个人或团体，或指在双方之间代表一方起中间作用的人。

substitute： 主要强调某人或某物可以用来代替别的人或物的作用。

replace, substitute, displace

这些动词均含"替代，取代"之意。

replace： 最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，尤指以新的替代旧的、老的和坏的等，指人指物均可。

substitute： 指某人因故不在时，由别人代理其职，有时也可指由一物去代替另一物。

displace： 侧重指用另外的人或物强行取代并非称职的人或无用之物，指人时往往暗含带不满情绪的意味。

The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting, says Reimann.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

will be a substitute for marriage in human relationships

出自-2013年6月阅读原文

"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( ' , especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.

出自-2017年6月阅读原文

The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.

出自-2016年12月阅读原文

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmo

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves.

2017年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "meet me" would read 13 5 5 20 13 5.

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文

Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.

2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

出自-2011年考研阅读原文

And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

2019年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

a meat substitute

肉食替代品

牛津词典

Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.

保罗的父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥来看待。

牛津词典

a substitute family

收养家庭

牛津词典

The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.

这门课教的是理论，但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。

牛津词典

The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.

他们坐当地的公交车，这比坐自己的汽车可差远了。

牛津词典

He was brought on as (a) substitute after half-time.

他作为替补队员在下半场上场。

牛津词典

Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.

大夫所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。

牛津词典

Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.

做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。

牛津词典

Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.

做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。

牛津词典

Beckham was substituted in the second half after a knee injury (= somebody else played instead of Beckham in the second half) .

下半场贝克汉姆膝盖受伤被换下。

牛津词典

[不可数名词, 可数名词]the substitution of low-fat spreads for butter

用低脂肪酱代替黄油

牛津词典

Two substitutions were made during the game.

比赛中换了两次人。

牛津词典

They were substituting violence for dialogue...

他们在用暴力取代对话。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese...

你总是可以代之以低脂肪的软奶酪。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.

那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood.

为从动物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人体上进行的试验

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker...

阅读印在纸上的内容远不如与伟大的思想家面对面探讨那般受益。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There is no substitute for practical experience.

实践经验是无法替代的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals for Cameroon.

作为替补队员上场的他为喀麦隆队打入了四粒关键进球。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Two types of substitute valves are available: a mechanical valve or a biological valve.

通常有两种可选的瓣膜: 一种为机械瓣膜、一种为生物瓣膜.

期刊摘选

So far , not a substitute for much of modern science and technology.

迄今为止, 现代科学技术远不能替代.

期刊摘选

This product is not a substitute of medicine.

本品为营养型补充剂,不能代替药物.

期刊摘选

The key actor for tonight's show has fallen ill. Who can be his substitute?

今晚唱压轴的演员病了, 你们谁能救援?

期刊摘选

Ductile Iron , also known as nodular iron, was developed in 1949 as a substitute for steel.

作为钢的替代品, 1949年人类开发了球墨铸铁.

期刊摘选