thwart

• vt. 挫败；反对；阻碍；横过
• adj. 横放的；固执的
• n. 划手座；独木舟的横梁
• adv. 横过
• prep. 横过

原义为副词，来自古诺斯语 thvert,穿过，横过，来自 Proto-Germanic*thwerh,扭转的，交叉的， 置换自 PIE*terkw,扭动，转动，来自 PIE*ter,*tere,弯，转，穿过，词源同 turn,through,trans-. 后引申动词词义相反，阻止，阻挠等。

1. a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat

thwart

thwart: [13] Thwart was originally an adverb and adjective, meaning ‘across, crosswise’. It was however used as a verb, meaning ‘obstruct’ (from the metaphorical notion of ‘crossing’ someone) as early as the 13th century. It was borrowed from Old Norse thvert, the neuter form of thverr ‘transverse’. This went back to a prehistoric Germanic *thwerkhwaz (possible source also of English queer), which in turn was descended from Indo-European *twork-, *twerk- ‘twist’ (source also of English torch, torment, torture, etc).

How the noun thwart ‘seat across a boat’ [18] fits into the picture is not altogether clear. Its modern meaning clearly connects it with thwart ‘across’, but the notion of ‘crosswise’ may have been a secondary development. For an earlier noun thought ‘seat in a boat’ existed, which came ultimately from Old English thofta ‘rower’s bench’, and it could be that thwart the modern English noun represents a blending, both formal and semantic, of thwart ‘across’ with the now obsolete thought.
=> queer, torch, torment, torture

thwart (adv.)

c. 1200, from a Scandinavian source, probably Old Norse þvert "across," originally neuter of thverr (adj.) "transverse, across," cognate with Old English þweorh "transverse, perverse, angry, cross," from Proto-Germanic *thwerh- "twisted, oblique" (cognates: Middle Dutch dwers, Dutch dwars "cross-grained, contrary," Old High German twerh, German quer, Gothic þwairhs "angry"), altered (by influence of *thwer- "to turn") from *therkh-, from PIE *terkw- "to twist" (cognates: Latin torquere "to twist," Sanskrit tarkuh "spindle," Old Church Slavonic traku "band, girdle," Old High German drahsil "turner," German drechseln "to turn on a lathe"), possibly a variant of *twerk- "to cut." From mid-13c. as an adjective.

thwart (v.)

"oppose, hinder," mid-13c., from thwart (adv.). Related: Thwarted; thwarting.

to thwart sb's plans

阻挠某人的计划

牛津词典

She was thwarted in her attempt to take control of the party.

她控制这个政党的企图受阻了。

牛津词典

The accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to thwart government investigators...

会计事务所故意毁坏文件，阻挠政府调查工作。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Her ambition to become an artist was thwarted by failing eyesight.

她想成为艺术家的梦想由于视力衰减而破灭了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Shrinking grazing areas and a lack of investment in fodder trees may thwart a sustainable revival.

放牧面积的不断缩小以及缺乏对饲料树木的投资,可能会阻碍骆驼的持续复苏.

期刊摘选

The some people brushes teeth the elephant pulls to saw, and also be thwart brush.

有些人刷牙象拉锯, 也就是横着刷.

期刊摘选

For nine could thwart this evil trick with just some quick arithmetic.

因为“九”可以很快地完成计算,挫败这邪恶的把戏.

期刊摘选

Police efforts to thwart a feared attack triggered a disruptive , security clampdown across the country.

警方力图挫败恐怖袭击, 在全国掀起一场干扰(机场正常运作)的保安和打击活动.

期刊摘选

The principal must not interfere with the consummation of the agency or thwart the effectiveness thereof.

本人不能干涉代理人完成代理事项的行为或阻挠其生效.

期刊摘选

I dropped upon the thwart again , none too soon , for I was near overboard.

我松开绳子重新跳回小筏子时, 差一点掉进水里.

英汉文学 - 金银岛

He made the fish fast to the bow, the stern and to the middle thwart.

他把鱼系在船头 、 船梢和中间的坐板上.

辞典例句

Parameterized stored procedures that validate all user input can be used to thwart SQL injection attacks.

验证所有用户输入的参数化存储过程可用于阻止SQL注入攻击.

期刊摘选

It reflects a fear that a resentful, threatened West is determined to thwart China's rise.

它反映了中国的恐惧, 因为受到威胁的愤慨的西方决意阻碍中国的崛起.

期刊摘选

Hypothetically, such drugs could be incorporated into a topical microbicide that would thwart sexually transmitted chlamydiae.

理论上, 这些药物可搭配局部杀菌剂,而阻挡在性行为当中传染的披衣菌.

期刊摘选

I don't think that will thwart our purposes.

我认为那不会使我们的目的受到挫折.

辞典例句

The junta tried its utmost to thwart the relatively benign outcome that now seems possible.

军方竭尽全力阻止良性结果的出现,但现在看来已无力回春.

期刊摘选

Always alert to potential attacks and thwart them before they happen.

时刻警惕可能存在的抨击,先发制人.

期刊摘选

To thwart the harassment of pirates, Emperor Yuanzhang built many such beacon towers in coastal areas.

当时朱元璋皇帝为了防止沿海被海盗侵扰, 所以就建了很多这种信号台.

期刊摘选

The administration accepted the principle that fiscal policy should promote recovery, not thwart it.

政府接受了以下原则:即财政政策应该推动 、 而非阻碍经济复苏.

期刊摘选

He made the fish fast to bow and stern and to the middle thwart.

他把绑鱼的绳子系在船头、船梢的中间的坐板上.

辞典例句

Analysts of small business recognize that several economic factors tend to thwart this business form.

小企业分析家们发现某些经济因素势必会阻挠小企业的发展.

英汉非文学 - 政府文件

He sat down and, clinging to the thwart, began to sob quietly.

他坐下去, 抓住了座板, 开始低声哭泣.

辞典例句

Our course must thwart those designs.

我们的方针是必须挫败他们这种企图.

辞典例句

We must thwart his malevolent schemes.

我们决不能让他的恶毒阴谋得逞.

《简明英汉词典》

To thwart the aerial reconnaissance, one species of caterpillar has adopted a novel dining style.

为了应对这种高空侦查, 有一种毛毛虫采取了很新奇的用餐方式.

期刊摘选

God knew that he had never wished to thwart her in anything!

他从来就不愿使她拂意过,这有老天可表!

辞典例句

The new credit cards have many features which are designed to thwart forgers.

新的信用卡有许多特徵,是设计用来防止伪造的.

期刊摘选

The Pakistani government is tightening security around the country to thwart militant attacks.

巴基斯坦政府正在全国各地加强安全警戒,防范激进分子发动攻击.

期刊摘选