yard
英 [jɑːd]
美[jɑd]
- n. 院子；码（英制中丈量长度单位，1码=3英尺）；庭院；帆桁
- vt. 把…关进或围在畜栏里
- n. (Yard)人名；(英)亚德
词态变化
复数: yards;
中文词源
yard 庭院
来自PIE*gher,围，围场，词源同garden.字母g,y的音变来自旧时书写混淆的产物。
yard 桁，桅横杆，码来自PIE*ghazdh,杆，棍，来自PIE*ghei,刺，击，词源同gad,goad。后该词用以指船上的桅杆以及用做固定的长度单位。比较fathom.
英英释意
- 1. a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride
- 2. the enclosed land around a house or other building;
- "it was a small house with almost no yard"
- 3. a tract of land enclosed for particular activities (sometimes paved and usually associated with buildings);
- "they opened a repair yard on the edge of town"
- 4. an area having a network of railway tracks and sidings for storage and maintenance of cars and engines
- 5. an enclosure for animals (as chicken or livestock)
- 6. a unit of volume (as for sand or gravel)
- 7. a long horizontal spar tapered at the end and used to support and spread a square sail or lateen
- 8. the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
英文词源
- yard
- yard: Yard ‘enclosed area’ [OE] and yard ‘three feet’ [OE] are distinct words, both of ancient ancestry. The former probably goes back ultimately to Indo-European *ghorto-, which also produced Latin cohors ‘court’ (source of English cohort and court) and hortus ‘garden’ (source of English horticulture) and Russian gorod ‘town’ (as in Leningrad).
Its prehistoric Germanic descendant was *gard-, which, as well as providing English with yard, has produced garden, garth [14] (via Old Norse), and the second syllable of orchard. Yard ‘three feet’ originally meant ‘stick, rod’ (a sense preserved nautically, as in yardarm [16]). It goes back ultimately to prehistoric Germanic *gazdaz ‘pointed stick’ (source of the gad of gadfly [16], etymologically the fly with the ‘sting’).
From this was derived West Germanic *gazdjō, which evolved into German gerte ‘sapling, riding cane’, Dutch gard ‘twig, rod’, and English yard. The Anglo-Saxons used the term as a unit of measurement of land, equal to about five metres (what later became known as a rod, pole, or perch), but its modern use for ‘three feet’ did not emerge until the 14th century.
=> cohort, court, garden, garth, horticulture, orchard; gadfly - yard (n.1)
- "patch of ground around a house," Old English geard "fenced enclosure, garden, court; residence, house," from Proto-Germanic *gardaz (cognates: Old Norse garðr "enclosure, garden, yard;" Old Frisian garda, Dutch gaard, Old High German garto, German Garten "garden;" Gothic gards "house," garda "stall"), from PIE *ghor-to-, suffixed form of root *gher- (1) "to grasp, enclose," with derivatives meaning "enclosure" (cognates: Old English gyrdan "to gird," Sanskrit ghra- "house," Albanian garth "hedge," Latin hortus "garden," Phrygian -gordum "town," Greek khortos "pasture," Old Irish gort "field," Breton garz "enclosure, garden," and second element in Latin cohors "enclosure, yard, company of soldiers, multitude").
Lithuanian gardas "pen, enclosure," Old Church Slavonic gradu "town, city," and Russian gorod, -grad "town, city" belong to this group, but linguists dispute whether they are independent developments or borrowings from Germanic. As "college campus enclosed by the main buildings," 1630s. In railway usage, "ground adjacent to a train station or terminus, used for switching or coupling trains," 1827. Yard sale is attested by 1976. - yard (n.2)
- measure of length, Old English gerd (Mercian), gierd (West Saxon) "rod, staff, stick; measure of length," from West Germanic *gazdijo, from Proto-Germanic *gazdjo- "stick, rod" (cognates: Old Saxon gerda, Old Frisian ierde, Dutch gard "rod;" Old High German garta, German gerte "switch, twig," Old Norse gaddr "spike, sting, nail"), from PIE root *ghazdh-o- "rod, staff, pole" (cognates: Latin hasta "shaft, staff"). The nautical yard-arm retains the original sense of "stick."
Originally in Anglo-Saxon times a land measure of roughly 5 meters (a length later called rod, pole, or perch). Modern measure of "three feet" is attested from late 14c. (earlier rough equivalent was the ell of 45 inches, and the verge). In Middle English and after, the word also was a euphemism for "penis" (as in "Love's Labour's Lost," V.ii.676). Slang meaning "one hundred dollars" first attested 1926, American English. Middle English yerd (Old English gierd) also was "yard-land, yard of land," a varying measure but often about 30 acres or a quarter of a hide.
考试真题
- If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.
出自-2016年12月阅读原文
- If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the major
2016年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B
- As part of the upgrading of its rail yard, Kasselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed "steam visionary", is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten- kilometer line, driving tourists and perhaps
2018年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C
- It was focused on the garage and yard.
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项
词组搭配
by the yard
in large numbers or quantities
大量地
golf continues to inspire books by the yard.
高尔夫球运动继续促进书籍大量出版。
the Yard
(Brit.). informal term for Scotland Yard
(英，非正式)。 同 Scotland Yard
实用场景例句
- the prison yard
- 监狱里的院子
牛津词典
- The children were playing in the yard at the front of the school.
- 孩子们在学校前面的空地上玩耍。
牛津词典
- a boat yard
- 船坞
牛津词典
- The incident took place about 500 yards from where he was standing...
- 事件发生在距他所站位置大约500码远的地方。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- A few yards away, Jos Vargas stands beside his small home.
- 几码之外，乔斯·瓦尔加斯站在他的小房子旁边。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- I saw him standing in the yard.
- 我看到他站在院子里。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...a railway yard.
- 铁路调车场
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- ...a ship repair yard.
- 船舶修理场
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- He dug a hole in our yard on Edgerton Avenue to plant a maple tree when I was born.
- 我出生的时候，他在埃杰顿大街我们家的园圃里挖了个坑，种了棵枫树。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- You are an independent, courageous and determined person, persistent and steady in achieving your objectives.
- 你是一个独立 、 勇敢和有决心的人, 你在实现你的目标过程中坚韧稳定.
期刊摘选
- He piled up fallen leaves in a corner of the yard.
- 他把落叶堆积在院子一角.
《简明英汉词典》
- Deer yard in that area.
- 鹿集居在那个地区.
《现代英汉综合大词典》
- Vines straggled over the yard.
- 葡萄树在院子里蔓生.
《现代英汉综合大词典》
- In spring the yard has a freshening aspect.
- 春天,院子里呈现出一派清新的景象.
《现代英汉综合大词典》
- Her mother had mentioned how colorful the yard was, now that spring had arrived.
- 她母亲提到由于春天已经来到,院子里已是五彩缤纷, 非常美丽.
《简明英汉词典》
- Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.
- 我们的院子很宽敞,足够建一座游泳池.
《简明英汉词典》
- There is a mass of sand in the yard.
- 院里有一堆沙子.
《简明英汉词典》
- All the soldiers were marshaled together in the yard, ready to march away.
- 全体士兵被集合在院子里, 准备出发.
《简明英汉词典》
- You can play outside, but you must not leave the yard.
- 你可以在外面玩, 但不得离开院子.
《简明英汉词典》
- There is a mass of stones in the yard.
- 院子里堆放着一大堆石头.
《简明英汉词典》
- Pile the leaves in the corner of the yard.
- 把树叶堆到院子里.
《简明英汉词典》
- The wind drifted the leaves across our yard.
- 树叶随风飘过我们的院子.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The man rolled the barrel into the yard.
- 那个人把圆桶滚进院子.
《简明英汉词典》
- The lightning zigzagged through the church yard.
- 闪电呈之字形划过教堂的院子.
《简明英汉词典》
- Her mother had mentioned how colourful the yard was, now that spring had arrived.
- 她母亲提到由于春天已经来到,院子里已是五彩缤纷.
《简明英汉词典》
- You can still buy cloth by the yard in this country.
- 在这个国家买布还论码.
《简明英汉词典》
- They keep chickens in the back yard.
- 他们在后院养鸡。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》