首页英语词典rankrank的意思

rank

英 [ræŋk] 美[ræŋk]

n. 排；等级；军衔；队列
adj. 讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的
vt. 排列；把…分等
vi. 列为；列队
n. (Rank)人名；(英、德、芬、捷)兰克

CET4TEM4考研TOEFLCET6中频词核心词汇

词态变化

复数: ranks;第三人称单数: ranks;过去式: ranked;过去分词: ranked;现在分词: ranking;比较级: ranker;最高级: rankest;

中文词源

rank 排列，等级

来自古法语 ranc,排，行，来自 Proto-Germanic*hringaz,圈，环，来自 PIE*sker,弯，转，词源同 ring,curve.词义由环行排列过渡至水平排列。引申词义排列，等级。

英英释意

1. a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another;: "the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen"

2. relative status;: "his salary was determined by his rank and seniority"

3. the ordinary members of an organization (such as the enlisted soldiers of an army);: "the strike was supported by the union rank and file"; "he rose from the ranks to become a colonel"

4. position in a social hierarchy;: "the British are more aware of social status than Americans are"

5. the body of members of an organization or group;: "they polled their membership"; "they found dissension in their own ranks"; "he joined the ranks of the unemployed"

英文词源

rank: rank: English has two words rank. The one meaning ‘row, line’ [16], and hence ‘position of seniority’, was borrowed from Old French ranc (source also of English range), which goes back via Frankish *hring to a prehistoric Germanic *khrengaz ‘circle, ring’ (ancestor of English ring). Rank ‘absolute, downright’ [OE], as in ‘rank bad manners’, has had an eventful semantic history.

It originally meant ‘haughty’ and ‘full-grown’, and came from a prehistoric Germanic *rangkaz, which also produced Old Norse rakkr ‘erect’. ‘Full-grown’ evolved via ‘growing vigorously, luxuriant’ (which still survives) into ‘gross, disgusting’, on which the present-day intensive usage is based.
=> range, ring
rank (v.): 1570s, "arrange in lines;" 1590s, "put in order, classify; assign a rank to," from rank (n.). Related: Ranked; ranking.
rank (n.): early 14c., "row, line series;" c. 1400, a row of an army, from Old French renc, ranc "row, line" (Modern French rang), from Frankish *hring or some other Germanic source (compare Old High German hring "circle, ring"), from Proto-Germanic *hringaz "circle, ring, something curved" (see ring (n.1)).

Meaning "a social division, class of persons" is from early 15c. Meaning "high station in society" is from early 15c. Meaning "a relative position" is from c. 1600.
rank (adj.): Old English ranc "proud, overbearing, showy," from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (cognates: Danish rank "right, upright," German rank "slender," Old Norse rakkr "straight, erect"), perhaps from PIE *reg- "to stretch, straighten" (see right (adj.)). In reference to plant growth, "vigorous, luxuriant, abundant, copious" it is recorded from c. 1300. Related: Rankly; rankness.

Sense evolved in Middle English to "large and coarse" (c. 1300), then, via notion of "excessive and unpleasant," to "corrupt, loathsome, foul" (mid-14c.), perhaps from influence of Middle French rance "rancid." In 17c. also "lewd, lustful."

Much used 16c. as a pejorative intensive (as in rank folly). This is possibly the source of the verb meaning "to reveal another's guilt" (1929, underworld slang), and that of "to harass, abuse," 1934, U.S. black dialect, though this also may be from the role of the activity in establishing social hierarchy (from rank (n.)).

同义词辨析

class, degree, grade, rank

这些名词均有"级，等级"之意。

class：含义广泛，指人或物按优劣划分的等级，也指学校中的年级或班级。

degree：指程度、范围不同，社会地位的高低。也可指形容词或副词的级。

grade：指按地位或优劣划分的等级，既可指人又可指物。

rank：指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔。

row, queue, line, rank, file

这些名词均含"列，队，排"之意。

row：指单独的一列，也可指平行的数行中的一行，而不论是横或纵。

queue：指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队，在等的过程中不断向前移动。

line：指人或物排成的行列。

rank和file常为军事用语，前者指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排，后者指纵队。

考试真题

The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality ( ' , 专业) and rank.

One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality.

The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than two dollars per day in the past three years.

Newsweek ranked high schools according to.

Hills dale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.

among the top 2% in the country-on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools

Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.

In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth.

The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank.

But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.

Sweden's rank in the report can largely be explained by its political quota system.

In its2011-2012survey,the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the "rock star of the recovery"in the Washington Post,also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness.

Guided by expert knowledge from a panel of science-focused career advisers, each trainee's self-assessment is used to rank a set of career trajectories(轨迹).

Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect women's lives; treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care.

Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi

Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.

What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada

A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10.

It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

Its ranking among universities in Maine.

A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.

Riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.

Since finishing my studies at harvard and oxford, I've watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying wall street jobs.

Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at jamaica's olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint.

They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

词组搭配

break rank (或 ranks)

(of soldiers or police officers) fail to remain in line

（军警）解散队列；打乱队形；溃散

close ranks

(of soldiers or police officers) come closer together in a line

（士兵，警察）靠拢，集合

keep rank

(of soldiers or police officers) remain in line

（士兵，警察）保持队形

rise through (或 from) the ranks

(of a private or a non-commissioned officer) receive a commission

（列兵，军士）升为军官

pull rank

To use one's superior rank to gain an advantage.

弄权：利用某人的高级职位谋求利益

实用场景例句

She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank.: 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅和在一起。

He rose through the ranks to become managing director.: 他级级攀升，当上了常务董事。

He eventually rose to the rank of captain...: 他终于升职当上了船长。

The former head of counter-intelligence had been stripped of his rank and privileges.: 反情报机构的前任长官被革职并剥夺了特权。

Each rank of the peerage was represented...: 每个贵族阶级都有代表。

He must be treated as a hostage of high rank, not as a common prisoner.: 必须把他当成高级人质来对待，而不能像对待普通囚犯那样。

The report ranks the UK 20th out of 22 advanced nations...: 报告中把英国排在22个先进国家中的第20位。

He was at the time ranked 10th in the world and had a regular place in the Swedish Davis Cup team...: 他那时世界排名第10，并且是瑞典戴维斯杯队的主力队员。

His prices rank high among those of other contemporary photographers...: 在当代摄影师当中，他的要价很高。

Investors ranked South Korea high among Asian nations...: 在亚洲各国当中，投资者很看重韩国。

...a performance of heroic calibre that must rank with the most memorable in international rugby...: 必被列为国际橄榄球赛中最令人难忘的一场荡气回肠的比赛

As a novel, Nineteen Eighty-four hardly ranks with the greats.: 作为一部小说，《一九八四》很难被列为杰作。

There were some misgivings within the ranks of the media too...: 媒体内部也存在一些疑虑。

The General Assembly welcomed five new members to its ranks.: 联合国大会对5个新成员国的加入表示了欢迎。

Top military leaders say there have been reports of demoralization in the ranks...: 最高军事指挥说有报告称士兵中出现了士气低落。

Most store managers have worked their way up through the ranks.: 大多数商店经理都是由普通店员干起，一步步升上来的。

Ranks of police in riot gear stood nervously by...: 一队队防暴警察紧张待命。

She continued to smile at the ranks of cameras on their doorstep.: 她依旧对着门口的一排排照相机微笑着。

The man led the way to the taxi rank...: 那人带路来到了出租汽车候客处。

He walked towards the first taxi on the rank.: 他朝着停车处的第一辆出租车走去。

He called it 'rank hypocrisy' that the government was now promoting equal rights.: 他把目前政府提倡平等权利的举措称为“彻头彻尾的伪善”。

The kitchen was rank with the smell of drying uniforms.: 厨房内充斥着烘干制服的难闻气味。

...the rank smell of unwashed clothes.: 脏衣服所发出的臭味

'Even the President's staunchest supporters have some issues where they simply must break ranks,' says Senator Lott...: “即使是总统最忠实的拥护者在某些事情上也会不听指令，”参议员洛特说。

Britain appears unlikely to break ranks with other members of the European Union.: 英国看起来不会与欧盟的其他成员反目。

Conservative MPs intend to put aside their differences over Europe and close ranks behind the Prime Minister...: 保守党下院议员打算暂且搁置他们在欧洲问题上的分歧，团结起来支持首相。

Institutions tend to close ranks when a member has been accused of misconduct.: 当其中某成员被谴责失职时，机构往往会抱成一团。

Last month, 370,000 Americans joined the ranks of the unemployed...: 上个月，有37万美国人加入了失业者的行列。

The rank outsiders, Cameroon, beat the defending champions, Argentina, by one goal to nil.: 本不被看好的喀麦隆队却以1比0击败了卫冕冠军阿根廷队。

The Captain pulled rank and made his sergeant row the entire way.: 上校倚仗权势让他的中士划船划了一路。