首页英语词典roughrough的意思

rough

英 [rʌf] 美[rʌf]

英英释义同义词辨析词组搭配考试真题实用场景例句

近义词scaly ragged jagged coarse bristly rocky rugged uneven harsh scraggly

反义词

adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的
vt. 使粗糙；粗暴对待；草拟
n. 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分
vi. 举止粗野
adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地
n. (Rough)人名；(英)拉夫

CET4TEM4IELTS考研TOEFLCET6中频词核心词汇

词态变化

比较级: rougher;最高级: roughest;名词: roughness;

中文词源

rough 粗糙的，粗鲁的，粗野的

来自古英语 ruh,粗糙的，粗布的，多毛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*rukhaz,碎裂的，来自 PIE*reue, 粉碎，碎开，敲击，词源同 ruin,rag.引申诸相关词义。

英英释意

1. the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

英文词源

rough: rough: [OE] Rough goes back to a prehistoric West Germanic *rūkhwaz, which also produced German rauh and Dutch ruw. Despite the similarity of form and sense, ruffian is not related, and there is no evidence that ruffle is either.
rough (n.): c. 1200, "broken ground," from rough (adj.). Meaning "a rowdy" is first attested 1837. Specific sense in golf is from 1901. Phrase in the rough "in an unfinished or unprocessed condition" (of timber, etc.) is from 1819.
rough (adj.): Old English ruh "rough, coarse (of cloth); hairy, shaggy; untrimmed, uncultivated," from West Germanic *rukhwaz "shaggy, hairy, rough" (cognates: Middle Dutch ruuch, Dutch ruig, Old High German ruher, German rauh), from Proto-Germanic *rukhaz, from PIE *reue- (2) "to smash, knock down, tear out, dig up" (cognates: Sanskrit ruksah "rough;" Latin ruga "wrinkle," ruere "to rush, fall violently, collapse," ruina "a collapse;" Lithuanian raukas "wrinkle," rukti "to shrink").

The original -gh- sound was guttural, as in Scottish loch. Sense of "approximate" is first recorded c. 1600. Of places, "riotous, disorderly, characterized by violent action," 1863. Rough draft is from 1690s. Rough-and-ready is from 1810, originally military; rough-and-tumble (1810) is from a style of free-fighting.
rough (v.): late 15c., from rough (adj.). Related: Roughed; roughing. Phrase rough it "submit to hardships" (1768) is originally nautical:
To lie rough; to lie all night in one's clothes: called also roughing it. Likewise to sleep on the bare deck of a ship, when the person is commonly advised to chuse the softest plank. [Grose, "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 1788]
To rough out "shape or plan approximately" is from 1770. To rough up "make rough" is from 1763. To rough (someone) up "beat up, jostle violently" is from 1868. The U.S. football penalty roughing was originally a term from boxing (1866).

同义词辨析

hoarse, harsh, rough

这些形容词均有"嘶哑的，沙哑的"之意。

hoarse：指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。

harsh：一般多指刺耳难听的声音。

rough：指粗哑难听的声音。

rough, coarse, harsh, rude, crude

这些形容词均有"粗糙的"之意。

rough：普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。

coarse：指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。

harsh：指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。

rude：指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。

crude：主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。

考试真题

However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates.

Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders

Sometimes a young child may get overexcited and be a little too rough, but it's never a serious matter.

That may be one reason why so many people find relief in swimming when life seas get rough.

I thought, "why don't they just try rolling the things" a square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.

The team practice, however was a rough start.

The trip they took me on was a rough one.

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.

词组搭配

bit of rough

(informal)a male sexual partner whose toughness or lack of sophistication is a source of attraction

(非正式)（以强壮和粗犷吸引人的）男性性伙伴

in the rough

in a natural state; without decoration or other treatment

自然状态的；未加工的；原始的；粗糙的

a diamond in the rough.
一个未经琢磨的钻石。

in difficulties

在困境中

even before the recession hit, the project was in the rough.
甚至在遭受经济衰退袭击之前，这个项目已经处于困境了。

rough and ready

crude but effective

粗糙但有效的，粗糙但尚能顶用的

a rough-and-ready estimating method.
一种粗糙但切实的估计方法。

rough around the edges

having a few imperfections

有缺点的，有瑕疵的

rough as bags

(Austral./NZ informal)lacking refinement; coarse

(澳／新西兰，非正式)缺少教养的；粗鄙的；鄙俗的

the rough edge (或side) of one's tongue

a scolding

痛骂；辱骂

you two stop quarrelling or you'll get the rough edge of my tongue.
你们俩别争吵了，否则你们要挨我的痛骂。

rough edges

small imperfections in someone or something that is basically satisfactory

小的瑕疵

rough justice

treatment that is not scrupulously fair or in accordance with the law

大致公平合理的处置

rough passage

a journey over rough sea

波涛汹涌的航程

a rough ride

a difficult time or experience

艰难时期；艰难进程；艰难经历

rebel shareholders are expected to &B{give} officials &B{a rough ride}.
反叛的股东预计要把高级行政人员折腾一番。

rough stuff

boisterous or violent behaviour

喧闹的行为；粗鲁的行为，暴力行为

sleep rough

(Brit.)sleep in uncomfortable conditions, typically out of doors

(英)睡得难受（尤指露宿）

take the rough with the smooth

accept the difficult or unpleasant aspects of life as well as the good

既能享乐也能吃苦；好事和坏事都受得了

rough someone up

(informal)beat someone up

(非正式)用暴力对待，向…动粗；狠揍

实用场景例句

rough ground: 高低不平的地面

The skin on her hands was hard and rough.: 她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。

Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.: 用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。

a rough calculation/estimate of the cost: 对成本的粗略计算 / 估计

I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.: 我大致知道我想去哪里了。

There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess .: 那里约计有20人。

a rough draft of a speech: 讲话草稿

a rough sketch: 草图

This watch is not designed for rough treatment.: 这块手表不可重拿重放。

They complained of rough handling by the guards.: 他们投诉警卫对他们动粗了。

rough kids: 粗野的小孩

Don't try any rough stuff with me!: 别想对我撒野！

the roughest neighbourhood in the city: 城市最危险的街区

His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...: 由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.: 格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。

Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...: 即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。

They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.: 他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。

It was quite a rough part of our town.: 这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。

All women have a rough time in our society...: 在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。

Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.: 他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。

The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.: 病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。

We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...: 我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。

As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.: 作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。

I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...: 我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。

It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.: 画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。

...a rough wooden table.: 做工粗糙的木桌子

...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.: 房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子

A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.: 一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.: 我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。

You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.: 你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。