第1篇 小学一年级英语语法总结:介词
小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法:
at表示时间的一点;
in表示一个时期;
on表示特殊日子。
1). at 后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o'clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2). in 后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2022(2022年),in may,2022 (2022年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3). on 后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in april (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a december night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on october 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on new year's day (新年),on new year's eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
例句:
he goes to school at seven o'clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
linda was born on the second of may. 琳达五月二日出生。
第2篇 初中英语介词知识点总结
初中英语介词知识点总结
(1)as , like
as 表示'作为'强调身份,like (介词)表示'像'
as a teacher, he cares for these children.
like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示'外貌特征或附带的东西' ,' 用……作工具'
in 表示'衣着' '用某语言', 在固定搭配中也可用in
a man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
a man in black wanted to buy drinks.
the boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
he retold the text in english.
(3)for , to
for表示'为了.'
to 表示动作对象, '对, 向.' 如:
he would do anything for his motherland.
did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示'就某情况而说 ', to 表示一'对某对象而言'如:
it's quite warm today for february.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
what he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的`话对我并不新鲜
for 表示'目的,用途'。与go, come 动词连用,
(4)except , besides
except 表示'从总体中排除一部分', 与bat 同义, besides 表示'除了一部分还有另一部分'
we all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
he speaks german besides french.他懂法外还会讲英语。
(5)注意成对介词的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:
to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
(7)表示加减乘除,分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
第3篇 高中英语语法归纳总结:介词
一、介词是高中英语语法中的一个细支
介词在高中英语语法中的作用不可小觑,虽然它只是高中英语九种词类之一。而高中英语所有的语法项目概括起来就有45个,如下:
五种基本句型。
两个语态和时态。
四种构词法:派生、合成、转化、缩略。
三个非谓语动词:现在分词、过去分词、不定式。
八种句子成分:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位语。
九种的词类:冠词、名词、代词、动词、副词、形容词、介词、连词、数词。
六种复合句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
七种其他情况:倒装,虚拟语气,强调句,省略句,祈使句,疑问句,there be句型。
上述那么多高中英语语法内容,并不是全部都要掌握,真正实用而且常考的内容不多,只要掌握其中核心的高中英语语法内容就行。
二、高中英语介词怎么复习
高中英语学习中,介词复习起来不难。首先我们需要搞清楚有哪些介词,将介词全部做一个总结;在这些介词中,有哪些是你不太清楚或者能搞明白的,然后记录下来,针对性去找练习题做训练,然后区分各个相近用法介词之间的区别。介词学习在高中英语中并不困难,只要用心一定能搞懂。
三、高中英语中常用的介词有哪些?
为了方便大家学习,我已经把高中英语中所有的介词用法总结好了,如下:
表示时间的 at, in,on
(1)at:表示片刻的时间,at 8 o'clock,at midnight, at the beginning of, at the age of, at christmas, at new year 等。
(2)in:表示一段的时间,如in the morning, in the afternoon, in october,in the past等。
(3)on:总是跟日子有关,on sunday, on christmas morning,等。
表示时间的 since 和 from:
(1)since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用.
(2)from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
如:i hope to do morning exercises from today.我希望从今天开始每天做早操。
表示时间的 in 和 after:
两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后),in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
如:we'll leave in three days.我们3天内会离开。
after two months he returned.2个月之后他回来了。
表示“穿过……”的 through 和 across:through 表示从内部通过,与 in 有关;across 表示“穿过……”,表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与 on 有关。
如:water flows through the pipe.水从水管漏出来。
the old man walked across the street.这位老人走过街道。
表示地理位置的 in, on, to:
(1)in 表示在某范围内;
(2)on 指与什么毗邻;
(3)to 指在某环境范围之外;
如:changzhou is in the southeast of china.
mongolia is on the north of china.
japan is to the east of china.
表示“在……上”的 on 和 in:
on 只表示在某物的表面上;
而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示……上;
如:there is a book on the piece of paper.纸上有本书。
there is an interesting article in the newspaper.报纸上有篇有趣的文章。
in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corn 表示在落,in 指角的内面;on the corner 表示“在角上” ,on 指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处” 指的是拐角外附近的外面。
如:i met at with him at the street corner.我在街角遇到他。
he sat on the corner of the table.他坐在桌子的一角。
in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end 作“最后”“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词 of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”“到……尽头” ,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”“到……末为止”解,只能指时间,不可单独使用。
如:in the end they reached a place of safety.最后他终于到了安全的地方。
at the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.路的尽头有个美丽的花园。
they decided to have an english corner at the end of this week.这周为止他们决定办场英语角。
besides, except, but, except for:
besides 指除了……还有
如:all went out besides me
except 指“除了,减去什么” ,不能放在句首。
如:all went out except me.
but 与 except 意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑 问词后面。
如:i never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;
except for 表示“如无……就, 只是”表明理由细节。
如:his diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
表示“关于”的 about 和 on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者表示“关于” ,为较正式的 “论述”
如:he came to tell me about something important.他过来告诉我一些重要的事情。
he wrote a book on science.他著有一本科学方面的书。
between, among:一般说来,between 表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。
而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。
在谈事物 间的差别时,总是用 between。
表示“用”的 in 和 with:表示工具的“用” 、表示“ ,用 with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的 “用” 用 in。
如:he is writing a letter with a pen./ he wrote the letter in pencil
we measured it in pounds./ read the text in a loud voice./ tell me the story in english.
in, into:into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。
如:we walked into the park.in 通常表示位置。
we walked in the park;
in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。
如:i have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
以上就是关于高中英语中介词的语法知识。其实很多介词的用法只要细细区分开来,就会发现其实并不难。高中英语整体而言还是属于基础学习,等过了高中这个阶段,你就会发现其实真正的英语考试远比高中英语考试难度大多了。高中生在高中阶段打好基础,日后若是有什么出国留学的想法,就可以为自己省了很多时间和金钱,希望今天的高中英语内容对你有帮助!
第4篇 小学英语语法总结第三章介词
一、定义 介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。 二、介词的用法 1、表示时间的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、 until、through、from、since、within) (1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前 (2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用) on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on march 8 在3月8日 (3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。 in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午 过……后(未来时间) i think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。 i heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。 (4)before:在……之前 wei hua got up before 7 o'clock this morning .今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。 (5)after:在……之后 after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。 (6)by:在……前(时间),截止(到)…… by the time i arrived ,she had already gone . 在我到达之前,她已经走了。 (7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。 florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest . 弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。 (8)during:在……期间 during the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres . 在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。 (9)through:一直……(从开始到结束) he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington 领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。 (10)from:从……起(时间) the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。 (11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。 (12)within:不……超过的范围 he will arrive within an hour .他一小时内就人到。 2、表示地点(at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、 to、for、from) (1) at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) at school上学 at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号 at the station 在火车站 (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。 (3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below ①on:在……上面,有接触面 on the table 在桌子上面 ②above:在……上方 sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees. 有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。 ③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词 over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。 ④under:在……下面,在……之内 the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。 ⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方) three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle . 3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。 (4)near ,by ①near:近的,不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间,in the near future在不远的将来。 green's lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。 ②by:在……旁边,比的距离要近 juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days . 朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。 (5)between ,among ,around ①between:在两者之间 the differences between american english and british english are not very great .美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。 ②among:在三者或者更多的之中 there are some american students among us .在我们中间有几个美国学校。 ③around:环绕,在…..的周围,在……的四周 they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it . 他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷 (6)in front of ,behind ①in front of :在……的前面 there is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。 ②behind :在…..后边 are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗? (7)in ,into ,out of ①in:在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置 there are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。 she took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。 (8)along ,across ,through ①along:沿着 go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing . 沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。 ②across:横过(平面物体) very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world . 各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。 ③through:贯通,通过 the students walked through the gate with uncle wang . 学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。 (9)to ,for ,from ①到达……地点(目的地)或方向 where's jack? he has gone to london.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。 ②for:表示目的,为了…… ③from:从……地点起 how far is it from london to new york? 从伦敦到纽约有多远? 3、表示手段和材料的介词用 (1)with ①和……在一起 these plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them . 这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断地漂移。 ②具有,带有 a person with good manners is always kind and polite. 有礼貌的人总是和和气气,彬彬有礼的。 ③用某种工具或方法 he could swim with some special swimming shoes. 穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。 (2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with而用in。 what's this in english. 这个用英语怎么说? (3)by:通过……方法,手段 what do you mean by the word'island'? 'island'是什么意思 i prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。 4、其他 (1) of , from ①of 属于)……的,表示…..的数量或种类 it was beginning of the term .这是学期开始的时候。 ②from:来自(某地,某人),以….起始 she is a lady from canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。 (2)without ,like ,as ①without :没有,是with的反义词 she often worked for twenty-four without rest .她通常工作24小时而不休息。 ②like:像……一样 like many children of her age ,ding fang is a young pioneer . 像很多同龄的孩子一样同,丁芳是个少先队员。 ③as:作为 they are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。 (3)against:反对。靠着 everyone tried to fight against the locusts .所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。 (4) about: ① 关于,各处,四周 nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。 ② 询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议 what about your family ? 你家里人怎么样? 口 诀 口诀1:年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不借。 at也在时分前,说'差'用to,说'过'要用part。 口诀2: in在……里, out在……外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by 。 on在……上, under在……下, above在上头, below在底下。 口诀3: this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。' beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。 同类比较except,加for异类记心间。 口诀4:before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。 since以来during间,since时态多变换。 与之相比beside,除了last but one。 口诀5: ①早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 ②黎明、午、夜、点与分用at 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 at six o'clock 在6点钟 at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分 at the weekend 在周末 ③年、月、年月、季节、周用in。 例;in 1986 在1986年 in 1927 在1927年 in april 在四月 in march 在三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周 ④阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 雨用in,在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 例:don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 they are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。he went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服的妇女 after... (从过去开始) ⑥小处at大处in i'm in liaoning, at anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市. 有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in 例:the workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形) 'taking tiger mountain by strategy' is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形) the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形) i really can't express my idea in english freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in) the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in ) this board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。 ⑦特征、方面与方式、心情成语惯用in 特征或状态: he has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。 the house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。 her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。 还有一些心理短语也用in,如: in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。 ⑧介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分'。 介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。 she came at me. 她向我扑过来。 she came to me. 她向我走过来。 he shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。 he shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说 she talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。 she talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢. she threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。 she threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃
第5篇 小学一年级英语语法:介词总结
小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法:
at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:
he goes to school at seven o'clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
linda was born on the second of may. 琳达五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o'clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2022(2022年),in may,2022 (2022年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in april (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a december night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on october 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on new year's day (新年),on new year's eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
第6篇 小学英语语法介词总结
小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法:
at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:
he goes to school at seven o'clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
linda was born on the second of may. 琳达五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o'clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2022(2022年),in may,2022 (2022年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in april (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a december night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on october 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on new year's day (新年),on new year's eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
第7篇 一年级英语语法总结:介词
小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法:
at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:
he goes to school at seven o'clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
linda was born on the second of may. 琳达五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o'clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2022(2022年),in may,2022 (2022年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in april (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a december night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on october 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on new year's day (新年),on new year's eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
第8篇 新概念英语第三册语法总结:介词
介词
金牌要点: “英语是介词和动词的语言”,由此可见,掌握介词的用法何其重要。
学习介词的方法是要弄清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系,请参考下图:
i.分类:
1.常用简单介词: about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。
2.合成介词: inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。
3.短语介词: according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。
ii.介词与“……的”之关系:
在英语学习中,一遇到“……的”,大家就会立刻想到’s 所有格或者of。实际上,在很多情况下,“……的”必须借助于介词才能准确表达。
以下请同学们重复记忆: ● 美国的冬天→ the winter in america ● 停车场的入口→ the entrance to the parking lot ● 穿过森林的小路→ the path through the forest ● 鲁迅的著作→ the works by lu xun ● 水中的月亮→ the moon reflected in water ● 历史的见证→ the witness to history ● 对爱的渴望→ a longing for love ● 对我们不利的证据→ the evidence against us ● 阳光下的漫步→ a walk in the sunlight ● 追求名誉的女人→ a lady after fame ● 两人之间的争论→ an argument between the two persons
重要介词的重要用法:
(1)from:此介词表示“to”相反的方向。 he came from london. he went to london.
二词常搭配使用“from... to...” we studied english from morning to afternoon. he'll start from beijing to shanghai.
经典用法: ● 由于→ the girl is trembling from fear. ● 免除→ tramps are always free from care. 流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。 ● 分开→ the couple parted from each other at the airport. ● 由……制成→ the red wine is made from grapes. 红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
由from引导的惯用法: from far 从远处 from now / then on 从现在/那时起 from bad to worse 每况愈下 from time to time(occasionally 时而)
习语: he will be out of town. i stepped out of the dark room.
out of+ 名词 (= lack, to be without 用完,用光) he went to the shop because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-fashioned 过时的) the book has been out of date.
out of work (= jobless 失业的) he needs money because be is out of work.
out of the question (= impossible 不可能的) finishing the hard work is out of the question.
out of question (= doubtless 毫无疑问的) that he can do it well is out of question.
out of order(= not functioning 失灵的) her radio is out of order, so she can't listen to it.
(3)by:表示从旁经过或在……附近。 he passed by me without saying hello. he lives by the sea.
经典用法: ● 通过→this is the nearest road by which they came. ● 在……时候→the young man works by day and steals money by night. ● 由……所生→he has two sons by her second wife. ● 抓住→she caught her child by his coat in the flood. ● 按……计算→the farmers sell their apples by the pound. ● 就(气质,特征)而言→he is an artist by temperament(气质).
用于被动语意,导出动作执行者: the glass was broken by the boy.
by + 具体时间: they usually have dinner by 8 o'clock.
by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan...): he travelled to paris by air/plane.
by the end of + 时间名词:到……末为止 by the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts. by the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.
by then:到那时 he will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave beijing.
by way of (= via):经由,取道 they are going to the united states by way of hong kong.
by the way:顺便问 by the way, do you know where mr. li has gone?
by far:……得多(用于修饰比较级和级) the book is by far the best on the subject.
by accident:不小心,与on purpose(故意地)语意相反 (4)in:在……内部,与'out' 语意相反。 all the students are in the classroom.
in + month / year: 在某月/年 in january, in 2000
in time:及时 they arrived at the station in time.
in the way 挡住去路 he couldn't drive his car away because a big stone was in the way.
once in a while 时而 once in a while, he went to the museum.
in no time at all 立刻,迅速 he finished his homework in no time at all.
in the meantime 同时 he was having supper, and in the meantime he watched tv.
in a row 坐在某一排上 we sat in the 20th row of the cinema.
in the event that 如果 in the event that you pass the exam, i'll telephone you.
in case 万一,如果 bring you raincoat in case it rains.
in the street 在街上 in the past 在过去 in the future 在未来 in the beginning 开始,起初 in the end 最后,终于 get in touch with 与……取得联系 keep in touch with 与……保持联系
(5)on:位于某物体表面上。 the dishes are on the round table.
on a day / date 在某天及某天的上,下午,晚上 on wednesday, on february 9th , 1999 on friday afternoon, on a dark night.
on a / the + (bus, plane, ship, train, bike) he went to school on a bus.
on a ... street 在某条街道 mrs. smith lives on 5th 'avenue.
on the corner (of two streets) 在两条街道相交的一角 that shoe store is on the corner of 2nd street and 5th avenue.
on the television / the radio 在电视/ 收音机里 the manager will make a speech onthe tv.
on the telephone 打电话 you are wanted on the phone. 有您的电话
on sale 出售 the books are on salefor $7 each.
on the floor of a building 位于某层楼 on time 准时(比in time 具体) on the sidewalk 在人行道上 on the way 在途中 on the right/left 在右侧/左侧 on the whole 总的来说,总体上 on the one hand, or the other hand 一方面,另一方面 on foot 步行
(6)at:此介词通常用来指某一特定时间和地点。
at + 地点 mr. smith lives at 15, 16th avenue. 注:在某条街道on... street,而在某街某号应用at。
at + 特定时间 at 7:00 in the morning, he goes towork.
at home/school/work 在家上学上班 at night 在晚上 at best 充其量 at times 有时 at peace 和平状态 at least 至少 at worst 最差 at intervals 间或,时而 at random 随意,胡乱地 at most 至多 at present 目前,现在 at war 交战 at leisure 悠闲自得地 at a loss 不知所措 at large 逍遥法外
(7)其它介词短语:
in place of / instead of 代替 for the most part - mainly 主要地 in hopes of 希望…… off and on 时断时续 all of a sudden 突然 for good 永远
(8)“动词短语+介词”构成的习语:
break off 结束 the two countries broke off their diplomatic relationship.
call on sb. 要求,拜访,呼吁 he called on the workers to struggle.
care for 关心,照顾,喜爱 she only cares for new clothes. i have to care for my son after school.
check on 调查 last summer, many people came down with intestinal disorders.
get by 设法生存 despite the high cost of living, we will get by on our salary.
get through 完成,接通(电话) it's not easy to get through the work in a day. how can i get through to you?
get up 起床,组织 aparty will be got up in my house.
hold on to 抓住,坚持 in spite of being a millionaire, he holds on to his usual living ways.
hold up 抢劫,忍受,停止 the bank was held up last night. he held up very well after the death of his wife. the work had been held up.
run across 遇见,见到 i ran across some old friends yesterday.
run into 偶然碰见 when tom was in london, he ran into his good friend at the theatre.
see about 考虑 the young man is seeing about getting a ticket for the football game.
take over for 替代 they are trying out a new idea to help the poor students.
turn in 上交,睡觉 after a tiring day, he turned in early.
watch out for *觉 please watch out for thieves.
weigh on sb. 压迫,使……焦虑 some problems are weighing on me, so i can't sleep well.
bring up 抚养,提出 count on 依靠、指望 do away with 摆脱 draw up 起草 drop out of (school ... ) 退(学) figure out 弄明白,弄清楚 find out 发现,查明(事实) go along with 同意 pass out 昏迷 talk over 讨论 测试精编
1. — where is your hometown? — it is about 20 miles ________ the east of chicago. a. in b. on c. to d. by
2. when i met jenny, i took a liking ________ her at once. a. of b. for c. on d. in
3. i am ________ your temper. a. fed up by b. fed up with c. fed up because of d. fed up to
4. — do you like working as a waiter? — yes, but i get tired ________ the whole day. a. with standing b. from standing c. to stand d. of the standing
5. the accident clearly resulted ________ your carelessness. a. in b. on c. for d. from
6. — why do you ask if i've been smoking? — because you smell ________ cigarettes. a. of b. by c. with d. as
7. the colleges vary so greatly that the problem was finally answered only ________. a. with respect to a specific college b. getting to specific college c. with a view to specific college d. with a regard to a specific college
8. — have you some other reasons ________ the ones you just mentioned above? — yes, i do. a. in addition b. besides c. off d. beside
9. — do you ever dance like that in public? — certainly not! that would be ________ my dignity. a. beneath b. under c. beyond d. above
10. —what do you have to do tomorrow? — i'll have to ________ in a conference. a. join b. taking part c. attend d. participate
11. modern technological advances are being made, but ________. a. with highly considerable expense b. at a great expense c. with great expense involved d. by a lot of expense
12. — why didn't you go to the lecture yesterday evening? — ________, i changed my mind. a. on a second thought b. by the second thought c. on second thoughts d. by second thoughts
13. ________ one time, manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. a. on b. by c. to d. at
14. — wasn't the issue settled? — no, the two sides are still ________ conflict. a. in b. during c. on d. with
15. — how do you like these articles? — they are not much ________ demand now. a. on b. in c. at d. for
(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
keys
1. c 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. d 11. b 12. c 13. d 14. a 15. b