第1篇 定语从句用法总结
一、定语从句的有关概念
所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。
先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系
为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。
根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。
许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。
i know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价，换句话说，上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价：i know the man. he lives next door. 我认识这个人，它就住在隔壁。
she will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。
句中的the day为先行词，when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句;在定语从句中，when是关系词，它在定语从句中用作状语，从意义上说，它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价，也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价：she will never forget the day. on that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天，在这一天她结婚了。
三、定语从句的翻译
许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which, who, when, where, why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词)，而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。如：
he showed me the article that he had written. 他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
she was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。
句中的which arrived just now为修饰名词the train的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“刚才到的那列火车”，其中的关系代词which在此也译成了“的”字。
sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”，其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。
that’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”，其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。
give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
句中的why we should help you为修饰名词one reason的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“我们应当帮助你的理由”，其中的关系副词why在此也译成了“的”字。
当然，我们上面介绍的是翻译定语从句最简单同时也是最基本的方法，由于英语句子千变万化，定语从句的表现形式也灵活多样，有些含有定语从句的句子可能用此方法翻译会显得别扭，但只要掌握了这个基本的方法，再加上适当的变通，翻译定语从句也就不难了。
四、定语从句中关系代词的省略
省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that, which, who, whom。如：
those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。
句中的(that) you lent me为修饰those books的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中用作动词lent的宾语，故可以省略。
i wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me. 我戴着我妈留给我的项链。
句中的(which) my mother had left me为修饰the necklace的`定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词which在定语从句中用作动词left的宾语，故可以省略。
do you still remember the boy (who, whom) i was going out with? 你还记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?
句中的(who, whom) i was going out with为修饰the boy的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词who / whom在定语从句中用作句尾介词with的宾语，故可以省略。
注意：我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外，当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时，此时也不能省略。如：
i wanted to find someone with whom i could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
此句中的关系代词which虽然也是用作宾语，但不能省略，因为它是直接跟在介词with后面作宾语。但是，如果将此句改写一下，将介词with置于句末，则可以将关系代词whom省略。如：
i wanted to find someone (whom) i could discuss books and music with. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
五、引导定语从句的主要关系代词
1. that的用法
that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。如：
this is the photo (that) i took. 这就是我拍的照片。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
they live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
the man that i saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
2. who / whom的用法
关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物;从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语;whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如：
i met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。
引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
she is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。
关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语，从理论上说应用whom，但也可以用who;由于是用作主语，所以它们也可以省略。
注意，如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语，不可以用who来代替whom。如：
the girl to whom i spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。
句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语，故不可省略。
3. whose的用法
不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人，其实它也可以用于指事物;whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：
he is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
it was an island whose name i have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
第一句中的关系代词whose指人，第二句中的关系代词whose 指物。
六、引导定语从句的主要关系副词
1. when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。
i’ll never forget the day when i first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
句中的when i first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on friday等，所以此处用on which。
don’t forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。
2. where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
what is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字?
句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用at which。
this cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点，英语习惯上说明at a spot，所以此处用at which。
3. why的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因;why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason;在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如：
these are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗?
句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
正：the main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.
正：the main reason he lost his job was that he drank.
七、限制性和非限制性定语从句
根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
所谓限制性定语从句，它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。
而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它是可有可无的，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。
从所使用的关系词来看，在限制性定语从句中，that可以代替who, whom和which等，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如：
he changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
then he met mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
句中的who引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句;但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
we’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
barbary was working in aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
以上两句中的关系副词when和where均引导非限制性定语从句。
八、关系代词还是关系副词
一般说来，当先行词是表示时间的名词时，其后要用关系副词when来引导定语从句;先行词是表示地点的名词时，其后要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。但这只是一般情况，有时会有特殊情况噢!不信你看看下面的句子：
don’t forget the time that i’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
this is the house that he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那座房子。
这两句均含有定语从句，它们所修饰的先行词分别为the time和the house，分别为表示时间和地点的名词，但为什么后面接的是关系代词that，而不是关系副词when和where呢?
要弄清这个问题，我们先来回顾一下关系代词和关系副词的用法。前面我们讲到，关系代词具有代词的功能，在定语从句中可用作主语或宾语等;而关系副词则具有副词的功能，它们在定语从句中只能用作状语。所以，当我们要判断一个时间或地点名词后是用关系词that 还是关系副词when和where时，我们首先要明确关系词在定语从句是用作什么成分——用作主语或宾语，则用关系代词;用作状语，则用关系副词。
现在我们再来分析一下上面的两个句子：
在don’t forget the time that i’ve told you中，定语从句that i’ve told you之所以要用that来引导，是因为从句中的动词told缺宾语，tell在此所用的句型是tell sb sth，所以定语从句要用关系代词引导。
在this is the house that he bought yesterday中，定语从句hat he bought yesterday之所以也要用that来引导，同时是因为从句中的动词bought缺宾语，所以定语从句也要用关系代词引导。
确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是：看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，若缺，用关系代词;若不缺，用关系副词。
第2篇 高考语法复习总结：定语从句
高考语法复习总结：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分，高考语法复习四：定语从句。
e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
the comrade with whom i came knows french.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：
1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；
2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；
3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；
4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；
5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
this is the best film that i have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的.唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
this is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. i want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。
e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.
he made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. there is an expression in his eyes that i cant understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用'介词 + which'来代替，英语语法《高考语法复习四：定语从句》。
e.g. october 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the peoples republic of china was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. the sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. the man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. the fan is on the desk. you want it.
2. the man is in the next room. he brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. the magazine is mine. he has taken it away.
4. the students will not pass the exam . they dont study hard.
5. the woman is our geography teacher. you saw her in the park.
6. the letter is from my sister. i received it yesterday.
7. the play was wonderful. we saw it last night.
8. the train was late. it was going to nanning.
9. the boy is my brother. he was here a minute ago.
10. the tree is quite tall. he is climbing it.
11. here is the girl. her brother works in this shop.
12. thats the child. we were looking at his drawing just now.
13. this is the boy. his sister is a famous singer.
14. i want to talk to the boys. their homework havent been handed in.
15. is that the woman? her daughter is in my class.
16. he used to live in a big house. in front of it grew many banana trees.
17. they passed a factory. at the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. the soldier ran to the building. on the top of it flew a flag.
19. in the evening they arrived at a hill. at the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. she came into a big room. in the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. the person ________ ________ i spoke just now is the manager that i told you about.
2. the pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. wu dong, ________ ________ i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. the two things ________ ________ marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of english.
5. her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. the stories about the long march, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. the man ____ visited our school yesterday is from london.
a. whob. whichc. whomd. when
2. the woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
a. whoseb. whoc. whomd. which
3. because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
a. thatb. whichc. whatd. as
4. do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
a. whenb. where c. whichd. who
5. tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
a. whichb. thatc. whomd. as
6. those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
a. whomb. whichc. whod. when
7. where is the man ____ i met this morning?
a. whenb. wherec. whichd. who
8. who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
a. whob. /c. thatd. when
9. the man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
第3篇 定语从句常见考点总结
定语从句常见考点总结
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1.isthisthefarm________youvisitedlastweek?
a.whereb.theonec.onwhichd./
解析答案是d。
命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2.wecametoaplace,________stoodabigtower.
a.whichb.thatc./d.where
解析正确答案是d。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、拆分词组和固定搭配
3.thesecondisconnectedwiththeuse________thebodymakesoffood.
a.ofwhichb.wherec.todod.that
4.whycan'tyourealizethepart________theyhaveplayedinourlife?
a.whichb.onwhichc.whend.where
解析正确答案分别是d和a。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的`含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：makeuseof,playapart(in)。
四、添加插入语或状语
5.thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,_______ibelieveisofgreatimportance.
a.thatb./c.whichd.why
解析应选择c。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：ithink(suppose,expect,believe,imagine),inmyopinion,totellyouthetruth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干*分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6.isthistheman________youwanttohave________
theradioforme?
a.who;repairedb.that;repaired
c.whom;repairingd.that;repair
解析d项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：youwanttohavethemanrepairtheradioforme.
小试牛刀：
1.wasitintheshop________soldchildren'sclothingthatyoulostyourwallet?
a./b.wherec.thatd.when
2.thankyouforthedifficulty________youhavehadpaintingthehouse.
a.whenb./c.whyd.where
3.isthereanyonearoundthefactory________knowshowtooperatethecomputer?
a.whob.whichc.whered.inwhich
4.themanagersdiscussedtheplan________theywouldliketosee________thenextyear.
a.that;carriedout
b.who;carriedout
c.which;carryout
d.that;carryingout
5.shewasmuchdisappointedtoseethebeautifulcloth________shehadmade________withlotsofspots.
a.which;cover
b.that;covered
c./;covering
d.where;covering
第4篇 定语从句总结内容
定语从句总结内容
定语从句总结内容
定语从句（attributive clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose
用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于'介词+ which'结构，因此常常和'介词+ which'结构交替使用，例如：
there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和'介词+ which'引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. is this the farm ________ you visited last week？
a. where b. the one c. on which d. /
解析答案是d。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. we came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.
a. which b. that c. / d. where
解析正确答案是d。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. the second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
a. of which b. where c. to do d. that
4. why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？
a. which b. on which c. when d. where
解析正确答案分别是d和a。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的.关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. the scientist has made another discovery， _______ i believe is ofgreat importance.
a. that b. / c. which d. why
解析应选择c。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：i think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干*分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me？
a. who；repaired b. that；repaired
c. whom；repairing d. that；repair
解析d项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：you want to have the man repair the radio for me.
第5篇 定语从句归纳总结
定语从句归纳总结
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。
（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
（2）关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的`位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。as除外
6.引导词的功能（作用）：
（1）连接先行词和定语从句。
（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：
（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
the man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导
the man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
i need a pen with which i can write a letter.
=i need a piece of paper on which i can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
the man (who/whom/that) i talked about at the meeting is from beijing university.
=the man about whom i talked at the meeting is from beijing university.
the palace (which/that) i often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=the palace to which i often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
i live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
there is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
this is the man to whom i gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。one, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
he has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：he has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
we have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：we have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
the engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
the engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
the man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
the woman, _______ i met yesterday, is my english teacher.
the city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
he went to america, ______ his parents live.
he joined the army yesterday, ______ i left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
the house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=the house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
＝the house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
the man (whom/who/that) i spoke with is my teacher.
the man with whom i spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
she is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
i didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）
he is the student whose pencil i broke yesterday. （动宾）
the boss in whose company i work is very kind. （介宾）
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
the house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
the pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
the games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
the games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
