第1篇 竞聘护士长演讲稿:以为争位,以位促为
大家好!
在这里我以平常人的心态,参与护士长这个岗位的竞聘。首先应感谢领导为我们创造了这次公平竞争的机会!此次竞聘,本人并非只是为了当官,更多的是为了响应人事制度改革的召唤,在有可能的情况下实现自己的人生价值。我现年××岁,中共预备*员,大专文化程度,中级职称。
经过几年护理工作的锻炼,使自己各方面素质得以提高,近几年取得了一系列荣誉。参与这次竞聘,我愿在求真务实中认识自己,在积极进取中不断追求,在拼搏奉献中实现价值,在市场竞争中完善自己。我深知护士长工作十分重要,这主要体现在以下三个方面:一是为院领导当好参谋,二是为护理姐妹们当好主管,三是为一线员工当好后盾。具体说就是摆正位置,当好配角;胸怀全局,当好参谋;服从领导,当好助手。我也深知,护士长工作非常辛苦,正如社会流传的那样:我们的工作同志就像忠诚的狗,老实的羊,受气的猪,吃草的牛,忙碌的马。可是他们像蜡一样,燃烧自己,照亮别人;他们像竹一样,掏空自己,甘为人梯。
如果我竞聘成功,我的工作思路是:以“三个服从”要求自己,以“三个一点”找准工作切入点,以“三个适度”为原则与人相处。“三个服从”是个性服从*性,感情服从原则,主观服从客观。做到服务不欠位,主动不越位,服从不偏位,融洽不空位。“三个一点”是当上级行要求与我行实际工作相符时,我会尽最大努力去找结合点;当科室之间发生利益冲突时,我会从政策法规与工作职责上去找平衡点 ;当行领导之间意见不一致时,我会从几位领导所处的角度和所表达意图上去领悟相同点。
“三个适度”是冷热适度,对人不搞拉拉扯扯,吹吹拍拍,进行等距离相处;刚柔适度,对事当断则断,不优柔寡断;粗细适度,即大事不糊涂,小事不计较。做到对同事多理解,少埋怨,多尊重,少指责,多情义,少冷漠。刺耳的话冷静听,奉承的话*惕听,反对的话分析听,批评的话虚心听,力争在服务中显示实力,在工作中形成动力,在创新中增强压力,在与人交往中凝聚合力。
如果我竞聘成功,我的处事原则和风格是,努力做到严格要求,严密制度,严守纪律,勤学习,勤调查,勤督办。以共同的目标团结人,以有效的管理激励人,以自身的行动带动人。努力做到大事讲原则,小事讲风格,共事讲团结,办事讲效率。管人不整人,用人不疑人。我将用真情和爱心去善待我的每一个同事,使他们的人格得到充分尊重,给他们一个宽松的发展和创造空间。我将用制度和岗位职责去管理我的同事,让他们像圆规一样,找准自己的位置;像尺子一样公正无私;像太阳一样,给人以温暖;像竹子一样每前进一步,小结一次。
如果我竞聘成功,我的工作目标是:“以为争位,以位促为”。争取领导对我们的科室工作的重视和支持,使科室工作管理制度化,服务优质化,参谋有效化。让我们的科室成为领导的喉舌,沟通员工与院里领导之间关系的桥梁,宣传精神文明的窗口,传播护理文化的阵地,培养人才的摇篮,连结护患合作的纽带。我愿与大家共创美好的未来,迎接我们大家庭--辉煌灿烂的明天。
谢谢大家。
第2篇 中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿
正所谓一滴滴水只有融入大海才会永不干涸,一根根筷子只有捆在一起才会坚不可摧。这一句句充满哲理的话语告诉我们,一个集体只有团结友爱才会迸发出无穷的力量。下面是小编为大家整理的关于中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿,欢迎查阅。
#中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿1#
敬爱的老师,亲爱的同学们,大家好!我是来自高二、10班的青青。今天我国旗下的演讲题目是团结合作的集体。
社会是一个大的集体,而班级就是一个小的集体。在这个小的集体中却也能感受到强大的团结的力量。在这个班集体中,我们每个人都有着自己的分工并都朝着一个文明班级的理想而努力。在寝室也一样,同寝室的人每天朝夕相处,每个人都有着自己的习惯,但如果你有着不好的习惯就会给寝室抹黑。于是就只有在寝室这个小集体中,每个人都规范好自己的行为并一同朝着文明寝室的目标前进。当你达到了你的目标时,兴奋与激动油然而生,这就是集体合作的力量!在我校,即将到来的元旦表演也是如此。每个班都精心准备着自己班级的节目,每一位演出者都积极努力着,并都为着自己的班级的荣誉而努力。无论一个人的才能有多大,但一个人的力量始终是无法比上集体的力量,集体中每个人都互相帮助,是一件很重要的事。
只有维护集体利益,个人利益才有所保障。在班集体中,同学们应互相帮助、互相监督。有的同学打扫卫生应付了事,班级就会一片狼藉。有的同学上课不遵守纪律,就会影响到大家的听课效率。如果同学们不团结,只顾自己。那么,集体的力量就会被损害,进而影响到整个班级的形象!
爱班级就是爱集体,爱集体就要不断的增强集体意识。所谓集体意识就是将一己私欲置身于外,把自己看作集体中的一员,拥有强烈的集体荣誉感。相互关心,相互鼓励!
俗话说,有国才有家,无论是在社会、在组织还是在家庭,服务全局,团结协作,共克难关,都是一个最基本的生存的准则。很多时候,帮助别人就是帮助自己,学会合作也会给自己带来收获。反之,如果做事情只考虑自己的利益得失,不顾大局,不顾集体利益,最终只会被社会淘汰,被团队放弃。
我们学校就是一个团结的集体,是每位同学成长和发展的广阔天地;我们的班集体是学习知识,学习处事,更是陶冶情操的地方;是同学之间建立、发展和巩固友谊的桥梁和纽带。团结向上的班集体将为个人成材和全面发展创造良好的环境。把我们从一个青春朦胧的孩子逐渐培养成一个有思想有抱负有文化的青年!
团结是力量,团结是前进的动力。俗话说:人心齐,泰山移。作为一名青少年就应该发挥1+1大于2的精神。团结合作,构建属于我们的集体,描绘出属于我们的明天!
我的国旗下演讲完毕!谢谢大家!
#中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿2#
尊敬的各位老师、亲爱的同学们:
非常高兴,我们又相聚在这美好的早晨。我今天讲话的题目是:团结就是力量。
我们经常说,团结就是力量,团结协作产生凝聚力、创造力。一块砖,只有堆砌在一起才能成就万丈高楼;一滴水,只有汇入大海才能获得永存!一个人要成就事业需要团结;一个集体要在竞争中获胜也需要团结;一个国家,一个民族,只有团结起来才能昌盛发达;一个家庭只有团结和睦,才能温馨;一个校园、一个班级,只有处处盛开团结互助之花,才能成为同学们健康成长的乐园。有团结才有合作,中国神州载人飞船的成功发射和返回,震动了全世界,连西方的发达国家也不得不对中国刮目相看。这些成功的取得,如果没有数十万航天人的共同参与,如果没有科学的分工,精密的合作,就难以实现。
学会合作是现代人必备的技能。世界上有很多事情,只有通过人与人之间团结合作才能完成,如果你学会和别人团结合作,你就获得了打开成功之门的钥匙。
老师们、同学们,让我们携起手来,从现在做起,一次游戏,一次班队活动,一次卫生的打扫,一次创造发明,让我们尝试着学会与他人合作、共处,把自己培养成为一个善于团结他人、帮助他人,懂得交流和合作的人。所以我希望我们每一个人,不管是老师之间、同学之间、班与班之间,更好地协作,多一份关爱,少一份争执,让团结协作奏出美好的交响乐!祝我们第七小学的同学们,在阳光照耀下全面发展!快乐成长!不断进步!我的讲话完了,谢谢大家!
#中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿3#
各位老师、同学们:
大家好!今天我讲话的题目是:团结友爱!
历史经验无数次证明,无论是一个民族、一个国家,还是一个社会、一个团体、一个家庭,只有重视团结,珍惜团结,维护团结,搞好团结,才能有强大的力量,才能和睦相处,和谐发展。
一个班级是否具有教育气息,是否具有良好的班风,关键是要看这个班的班级是否团结友爱。在一个团结友爱的班级中,全体学生会自发地形成一股浓郁的和谐风气,在这样的集体中,学生能融洽地与同学相处,与老师交流,友好地进行合作,彼此互帮互助,共同进步。在这样积极向上,温馨和睦的环境中,学生会把班级当成自己的家,有着强烈的集体荣誉感和归属感。
正所谓一滴滴水只有融入大海才会永不干涸,一根根筷子只有捆在一起才会坚不可摧。这一句句充满哲理的话语告诉我们,一个集体只有团结友爱才会迸发出无穷的力量。
给大家讲一个真实的故事吧。在辽宁省师范大学教育系里,有两位特殊的学生,一位叫周婷婷,另一位叫王铮。她们一个双目失明,一个双耳失聪。然而,就是这样的两个人组成了海伦`凯勒号联合舰队,两人在生活上、学习上互帮互助,周婷婷听不清看得清,她做了王铮的眼睛;王铮看不清,她做了婷婷的耳朵,两人取长补短,扬长避短,在学习上取得了优异的成绩。他们为什么会取得成功?那是因为她们掌握了成功的一个法宝团结友爱,互相协作。
像她们一样在学习上团结友爱,不存一己之心,在其他方面也是如此,拿班级常规来说,按时到校、自习课安静、校服穿戴整齐、说话用语文明等等,这些都是团结的行为。也许有很多人认为这些不过是些微不足道的小事,可是,一屋不扫何以扫天下,这些小事上的不到位,恰恰反映出了这些人责任意识淡薄,缺乏足够的集体主义观念。
还有多少同学因为这样或那样的原因造成不能按时到校?
还有多少同学在打了预备铃后还没有做好上课准备?
还有多少同学在下课时大声喧哗?
还有多少同学在见到师长时面无表情得匆匆而过?
同学们,付出一份友爱,你将收获两份快乐。让我们从身边做起,从小事做起,不迟到,不吵闹,不说脏话,不取笑他人,让友爱的甘泉滋养我们的心灵。让我们手牵手,心连心,共同构筑班集体辉煌的殿堂。
谢谢大家!
# 中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿4#
敬爱的老师,亲爱的同学们:
你们好!
今天我在国旗下讲话的主题是民族团结从我做起 ,“五十六个民族,五十六枝花,五十六个兄弟姐妹是一家。五十六种语言汇成一句话:爱我中华,爱我中华 。”这首宋祖英的爱我中华表达了我们所有中国人的心声:民族团结! 我们就需要懂得保护和平之花,首先就是民族之间要团结。作为年轻的我们要下定决心:一定要成为一名好孩子、好学生、好公民,保护祖国和平,增强民族团结,为祖国版图上增添更美的颜色。
一个祖国的建设不仅仅只靠一个人,要靠全国人民的智慧和双手来建造, 我们青少年的学习得到了很大的提高,我们建设祖国和弘扬名族精神的能力也增强了,在我们身边有很多这样的例子,如在1988年的奥运会上,我国乒乓球队的队员们战胜了对方后,使我国获得了参加奥运会以来的第一块乒乓球金牌,也使得乒乓球成为了我国的国球,这不就是在建设祖国吗?还有就是在奥运会上,在男子110米栏冠军刘翔在直径跑道上战胜了黑人,为我们全亚洲争了光还为我国争了光,这不也实在建设祖国吗?
是呀,祖国是一个民族的根,是一个民族生存的支柱和力量的源泉。我们作为新世纪的青少年,生在新社会,长在红旗下,我们应该加倍珍惜这来之不易的幸福生活。我们要继承这伟大的民族精神,让民族精神在我们身上发扬光大。我们要记住责任,发奋学习,努力拼搏,热爱祖国,振兴中华,从我做起,从现在做起,从身边的每件事情做起。要想长大后成为一个对祖国有用的人,我们应该从小树立远大理想,坚定爱国信念,学习科学知识,掌握报国本领,培养优良品德,锻炼强健体魄,从各方面提高自身素质,努力成长为社会主义事业的合格建设者和接班人,时刻准备着为祖国的现代化建设和中华民族的强大和振兴贡献力量。
“众人拾柴火焰高”,“团结就是力量”,无不说明团结的神力,团结是红军二万五千里长征胜利的结晶,是实现宏伟目标的源泉。 在中华民族传统文化中,追求的是“一方有难,八方支援”的社会风气。 没有科学工作者的团结互助,全国协作大攻关的精神,就不会看到两弹一星的飞天。没有中国女排的互相合作和拼搏精神,中国女排就不可能在赛场上获得前无古人的“五连冠”雄踞女排之颠。
无数的历史事实证明,无论一个国家,一个社会,一个民族,一个团体,还是一个家庭。继承和发扬中华民族的传统美德,也是我们作为炎黄子孙义不容辞的责任,在生活中,我们要学会团结,学会宽容,了解团结的重要性,让团结时刻伴随着我们永不逊色。
我的国旗下讲话到此结束,谢谢大家!
# 中学生以为团结主题的国旗下演讲稿5#
各位老师、同学大家好!
民族团结是社会安定、国家昌盛和民族繁荣的政治保障与促进力量,只有有了民族团结、经济发展、社会安定,我们才能集中精力搞建设、一心一意谋发展。而如果听信极端分子的挑唆,影响社会稳定,使社会产生动荡,对生活在新疆的没一个民族、每一个人都是不堪承受的痛苦。
我们十中就是一个民族团结的大家庭,各民族同学在一起学习、一起打篮球、一起办晚会,嬉戏玩耍,学习进步、其乐融融。作为中学生我们应该努力学习科学文化知识,自觉抵制民族分裂思想,自觉与分裂祖国、破坏民族团结的分子做斗争;自觉维护社会稳定。
彩虹之所以缤纷美丽,是因为它容纳了各种色彩;我们中国之所以美丽,是因为56各民族56朵花齐绽放。民族团结、繁荣发展使我们新疆每一个人、每一个同学的责任与愿望。
现在,我们的目标是充分用好新世纪前20--年的战略机遇期,加快中国建设小康社会。___把这个历史任务交给我们千千万万年轻人。对我们青少年寄予了无限地期望。希望我们青少年不辱使命,勇敢挑起实现中华民族伟大复兴的重任。
现在,弘扬民族精神,这是我们承担起历史重任的一个重要条件。中华民族精神源远流长,博大精深,内涵丰富。什么是民族精神呢?民族精神是反映在长期的历史进程和积淀中形成的民族意识、民族文化、民族习俗、民族性格、民族信仰、民族宗教、民族价值观念和价值追求等共同性特质,是民族文化中维系协调、指导、推动民族生存和发展的精髓思想,是一个民族生命力、创造力和凝聚力的集中体现,是一个民族赖以生存、共同生活、共同发展的灵魂。
牢固树立我国民族关系的基本特征是“三个离不开”即:“汉族离不开少数民族,少数民族离不开汉族,各少数民族之间也相互离不开。”同时,要坚持四个维护的原则,即:维护人民利益,维护法律尊严,维护民族团结,维护祖国统一。
我校是一所多民族学生学习的学校,有汉、藏、回、蒙、土、撒拉等民族。如今我们大家在团结和睦的校园中生活、学习,磨练意志、增强友谊。学校的稳定发展,繁荣昌盛都离不开我们每位老师和同学的奉献。我们该如何做?答案只有一个,团结奋进,从我做起,维护好民族团结这一大家庭的快乐,积极投身于学校的各项活动之中,为民族大团结的发展、为学校的发展做出贡献。
当前,需要同学们好好学习,老师们努力工作。弘扬民族精神,在民族宣传月活动中学知识、长见识、让中华民族的伟大精神不断得到丰富和弘扬!同学们,老师门,让我们各民族团结在一起,共创祖国美好未来!
我的国旗下讲话到此结束,谢谢大家!
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第3篇 法院干*演讲稿:以为民的情怀做人民的法官
法院干*演讲稿:以为民的情怀做人民的法官
民惟邦本,本固邦宁。人民群众,是人民司法事业的根基所在、血脉所系、力量之源。“人民法院”,人民二字,重比千钧。“只有我们把群众放在心上,群众才会把我们放在心上;只有我们把群众当亲人,群众才会把我们当亲人。”这是_________________________________在七一讲话中对我*群众观点所作的生动诠释。当前如何践行群众观点,如何回应人民群众的司法关切,成为摆在每一位法官面前的重大课题,成为检验每一位法官形象的一面镜子。通过开展“群众观点大讨论”活动,使我们法官更加坚信一个道理:人民法院工作想要得到人民群众的信任、信赖和信服,必须坚持群众观点,走群众路线。这样,人民法院和人民法官才能拉近与人民群众的距离,才能立威于众,取信于民。
有这样一位法官,任秋华,用人民的情怀赢得了群众的尊重和热爱。2008年的一个寒冷的冬日,任秋华第一次见到了艳青。这个瘦弱、憔悴的女人裹在一件不合体的男士羽绒服里,满脸的泪痕和绝望,在寒风中无助地浑身发抖。接待室里,任秋华捧上的一杯热茶让艳青的情绪平复下来,她开始讲述自己的不幸。他是任秋华刚刚接手的一起道路交通事故人身损害赔偿案件的被上诉人,十年前从黑龙江嫁到河北,后来和丈夫一起在天津郊区打工,并有了两个可爱的儿子,一家人生活平静而幸福。后来,夫妇俩贷款买了大货车搞运输,不料丈夫突遇车祸去世,撇下他和两个年幼的儿子,在异乡举目无亲,举步维艰。在别人的指点下,艳青和公婆、两个不满十岁的儿子把对方车主、司机、车辆挂靠单位以及保险公司诉至法院要求赔偿。一审法院判决被告赔偿他们20多万元。本以为可以尽快拿到钱摆脱困境,但被告方却以赔偿数额有误提出上诉。一审请律师、取证已经花了不少钱,现在还是无法及时得到赔偿,孤儿寡母还要继续忍受生活的艰辛,这让尚未从丧夫之痛中解脱出来的艳青又再次陷入绝望。满腔痛苦和委屈不知向谁倾诉,她只有来找任秋华。因为,她不懂法律,她把法官放在和法律一样高的位置,去信任,去尊崇,去期许。
艳青的眼泪和一张被她攥得皱巴巴的全家福深深的刺痛了任秋华的心。任秋华从母亲的角度鼓励艳青为了孩子坚强起来,并答应尽快为她解决问题。
任秋华希望艳青得到更多的赔偿,但通过计算她发现,一审确实判多了。作为一名法官,她知道,法律是公正的,对弱者的体恤和同情也不能跨越法律的边界。但她同样认为,法律的天平,一端是公正,另一端应该是温暖,法官可以通过自己的双手去传递法律的温暖,可以用行动为法律赢得尊重,赢得信任。
第4篇 ted英语演讲稿:on what we think we know?我们以为自己知道的范文
i'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don't understand as much as we think we do. i'd like to begin with four questions. this is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year. that's an in-joke, by the way.
我会试着解释为何 我们知道的东西很可能并没有我们自以为知道的多 我想从四个问题开始,不是那种今年流行的文化问题 对了,刚刚那句是个圈内笑话
but these four questions, actually, are ones that people who even know quite a lot about science find quite hard. and they're questions that i've asked of science television producers, of audiences of science educators -- so that's science teachers -- and also of seven-year-olds, and i find that the seven-year-olds do marginally better than the other audiences, which is somewhat surprising.
不过这四个问题,事实上 即使是很懂科学的人也会觉得很难应答 我拿这些问题去问科学节目制片人 问那些有科学教育背景的观众 也问教科学的老师还有七岁孩童 我发现七岁孩童答得比其他人好 这是有些令人惊讶
so the first question, and you might want to write this down, either on a bit of paper, physically, or a virtual piece of paper in your head. and, for viewers at home, you can try this as well.
第一个问题,我建议你把问题记下来 抄在纸上,或想像中的纸上 坐在电脑前的你也可以试著作答.
a little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot, right? i think we agree on that. where does the tree get the stuff that makes up this chair, right? where does all this stuff come from?
种籽很轻,而大树很重,是吗?我想我们都同意吧,大树用来制成椅子的东西是从哪来的? 对吧?这些东西都是怎么来的?
(knocks)
(敲椅声)
and your next question is, can you light a little torch-bulb with a battery, a bulb and one piece of wire? and would you be able to, kind of, draw a -- you don't have to draw the diagram, but would you be able to draw the diagram, if you had to do it? or would you just say, that's actually not possible?
问题二,你能否点亮一个小灯泡 只用1个电池、1个灯泡、和1条电线? 那你能画出上述问题的图解吗?不用真的画 但如果需要的话, 你能画出来吗? 还是你会说 这个不可能?
the third question is, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? i think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter, but why? and finally, would you be able to -- and you can sort of scribble it, if you like -- scribble a plan diagram of the solar system, showing the shape of the planets' orbits? would you be able to do that? and if you can, just scribble a pattern.
第三个问题,为什么夏天比冬天热? 大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热 但为何如此?最后,你能不能 简单的勾勒出 太阳系的平面图... 呈现出行星轨道运行的形状 你可以画得出来吗? 你画得出来的话,就把形状画出来
ok. now, children get their ideas not from teachers, as teachers often think, but actually from common sense, from experience of the world around them, from all the things that go on between them and their peers, and their carers, and their parents, and all of that. experience. and one of the great experts in this field, of course, was, bless him, cardinal wolsey. be very careful what you get into people's heads because it's virtually impossible to shift it afterwards, right?
好,孩童对事物的概念不是老师教的 老师时常这么以为,但实际上概念来自于常理 来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验 来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流 还有跟保姆、父母亲、所有人交流的经验 这个领域中的一个专家,对了,愿他安息 就是渥西主教,他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心 因为那些东西几乎不会再改变,对吧?
(laughter)
(笑声)
i'm not quite sure how he died, actually. was he beheaded in the end, or hung?
我不太清楚他的死因,真的 他最后上了断头台?还是被吊死?
(laughter)
(笑声)
now, those questions, which, of course, you've got right, and you haven't been conferring, and so on. and i -- you know, normally, i would pick people out and humiliate, but maybe not in this instance.
现在回到那四个问题,大家都知道是什么问题了 你们彼此之间也没有讨论答案 我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸 不过这次就不点了
a little seed weighs a lot and, basically, all this stuff, 99 percent of this stuff, came out of the air. now, i guarantee that about 85 percent of you, or maybe it's fewer at ted, will have said it comes out of the ground. and some people, probably two of you, will come up and argue with me afterwards, and say that actually, it comes out of the ground. now, if that was true, we'd have trucks going round the country, filling people's gardens in with soil, it'd be a fantastic business. but, actually, we don't do that. the mass of this comes out of the air. now, i passed all my biology exams in britain. i passed them really well, but i still came out of school thinking that that stuff came out of the ground.
种籽可以很重,基本上所有的这些 99%都来自于空气 我相信有85%的人,或许在你们ted会比较少 会说木材来自于大地,而有些人 也许你们中的一两位, 可能结束后会来找我争论 说木材其实是来自于大地 若是如此,那我们就会有让卡车跑来跑去 把人们的花园都填上土,那会是很棒的生意。 不过实际上我们不会那么做 因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的 我在英国念书时考生物每考必过 我的成绩很好,但毕业后 还是以为木材来自于大地
second one: can you light a little torch-bulb with a battery bulb and one piece of wire? yes, you can, and i'll show you in a second how to do that. now, i have some rather bad news, which is that i had a piece of video that i was about to show you, which unfortunately -- the sound doesn't work in this room, so i'm going to describe to you, in true "monty python" fashion, what happens in the video. and in the video, a group of researchers go to mit on graduation day. we chose mit because, obviously, that's a very long way away from here, and you wouldn't mind too much, but it sort of works the same way in britain and in the west coast of the usa. and we asked them these questions, and we asked those questions of science graduates, and they couldn't answer them. and so, there's a whole lot of people saying, "i'd be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air. that's very surprising to me." and those are science graduates. and we intercut it with, "we are the premier science university in the world," because of british-like hubris.
你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗? 是,你可以,我会示范怎么做。 不过,现在有个坏消息 本来有个影片要给大家看 可惜在这边声音放不出来 所以我就口头描述一下的,用巨蟒剧团的表演方式, 影片内容是这样的,在影片里有一群研究员 在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院 为什么是麻省理工呢?因为它离这里很远 大家也就不会太介意 不过场景设在英国结果也差不多 或是设在美国西岸 我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题 这些理工科毕业生也答不出来 而且还有很多学生表示 “我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的 ”这真的让我很吃惊“,那些理工的毕业生这么说 我们用”我们是全球第一的理工大学“来作影片的结尾。 因为英国人很傲慢
(laughter)
(笑声)
and when we gave graduate engineers that question, they said it couldn't be done. and when we gave them a battery, and a piece of wire, and a bulb, and said, "can you do it?" they couldn't do it. right? and that's no different from imperial college in london, by the way, it's not some sort of anti-american thing going on.
我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们 他们说这不可能做得到 我们拿了电池、电线、和灯泡 问他们”你能做到吗?“,他们没办法,是吧? 顺道一提,伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此 我们不是在做什么反美的事
as if. now, the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money for teaching people -- we might as well get it right. and there are also some societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is that's happening in photosynthesis. for example, one half of the carbon equation is how much we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation, as i'm very conscious as a trustee of kew, is how much things soak up, and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了很多钱 来教育大众,我们应该正确地来做这件事。 其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作 例如,有一半的碳储量是人类排放的 而另一半碳储量 我相当关切,身为皇家植物园的受托管理人
that's what plants actually do for a living. and, for any finnish people in the audience, this is a finnish pun: we are, both literally and metaphorically, skating on thin ice if we don't understand that kind of thing.now, here's how you do the battery and the bulb. it's so easy, isn't it? of course, you all knew that. but if you haven't played with a battery and a bulb, if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able to do that, and that's one of the problems.
是植物吸收多少二氧化碳 植物就是以此维生的 如果在场有芬兰人,这是芬兰话的双关语 我们无论在实际上或隐喻上,都是如履薄冰 要是我们不明白那些事 电池和灯泡只要这要做就行 很简单,不是吗?你们都懂了 但要是你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡 如果你只看过电路图 你可能就做不出来,这是个麻烦
so, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? we learn, as children, that you get closer to something that's hot, and it burns you. it's a very powerful bit of learning, and it happens pretty early on. by extension, we think to ourselves, "why it's hotter in summer than in winter must be because we're closer to the sun." i promise you that most of you will have got that. oh, you're all shaking your heads, but only a few of you are shaking your heads very firmly.
那么,为何夏天比冬天热? 我们从小就知道,离热的东西太近 你就被烫到,这真很有效的教育方法 很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点,我们觉得夏天比冬天热 一定是因为我们离太阳比较近 我相信大多人都懂了 哦,大家都在摇头 不过只有几个人摇得很坚定
other ones are kind of going like this. all right. it's hotter in summer than in winter because the rays from the sun are spread out more, right, because of the tilt of the earth. and if you think the tilt is tilting us closer, no, it isn't. the sun is 93 million miles away, and we're tilting like this, right? it makes no odds. in fact, in the northern hemisphere, we're further from the sun in summer, as it happens, but it makes no odds, the difference.
其他人只是这样子摇而已,好吧 夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线 传播得比较多,地球倾斜的关系 如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜,那就错了 太阳离地球1亿5千万公里,地球倾斜角度大略如此 倾斜不是差别所在,在北半球 夏天时我们离太阳更远 跟倾斜没有关系
ok, now, the scribble of the diagram of the solar system. if you believe, as most of you probably do, that it's hotter in summer than in winter because we're closer to the sun, you must have drawn an ellipse. right? that would explain it, right? except, in your -- you're nodding -- now, in your ellipse, have you thought, "well, what happens during the night?"
好,问题四是画出太阳系的平面图 如果大家相信,大多数可能都相信 夏天比冬天热是因为地球离太阳较近 大家应该都画了椭圆形 对吧?这就能解释了吧? 除非,你点头了,你画了个椭圆形 你有想过,「夜晚又是怎么回事」?
between australia and here, right, they've got summer and we've got winter, and what -- does the earth kind of rush towards the sun at night, and then rush back again? i mean, it's a very strange thing going on, and we hold these two models in our head, of what's right and what isn't right, and we do that, as human beings, in all sorts of fields.
澳洲和美国这边,澳洲是夏天 这边是冬天,难道说 地球在晚上会冲向太阳 然后再冲回来?这实在很奇怪 我们脑中有两种思考模式,对的和错的 身为人类,我们在很多领域都这样思考
so, here's copernicus' view of what the solar system looked like as a plan. that's pretty much what you should have on your piece of paper. right? and this is nasa's view. they're stunningly similar. i hope you notice the coincidence here.
左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图 跟你们纸上画的差不多,对吧 右边是nasa的版本,两张图非常相似 我希望大家注意其中的巧合 要是你知道人们有错误观念
what would you do if you knew that people had this misconception, right, in their heads, of elliptical orbits caused by our experiences as children? what sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system, to show that it's not really like that? you'd show them something like this, wouldn't you? it's a plan, looking down from above. but, no, look what i found in the textbooks. that's what you show people, right?
你会怎么做 在他们脑中,楕圆形的轨道 是他们儿时经验教的吗? 你会给他们看什么样的太阳系示意图? 证明太阳系不是他们想的那样 你会给他们看这种图吗? 这是俯瞰的平面图 可是并非如此,瞧瞧我在教科书里找到的 你会给他们看这种图对吧?
these are from textbooks, from websites, educational websites -- and almost anything you pick up is like that. and the reason it's like that is because it's dead boring to have a load of concentric circles, whereas that's much more exciting, to look at something at that angle, isn't it? right?
出自教科书 出自教育网站 你找得到的几乎都是这种图 会以这种视角呈现是因为 只有一堆同心圆太死板无趣 从这种视角看太阳系比较新鲜刺激 不是吗?
and by doing it at that angle, if you've got that misconception in your head, then that two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional thing will be ellipses. so you've -- it's crap, isn't it really? as we say.
因为弄成这种视角 如果你脑中有了这种误解 用二度空间来呈现三度空间就会变成椭圆形 这真是糟糕,可不是吗?
so, these mental models -- we look for evidence that reinforces our models. we do this, of course, with matters of race, and politics, and everything else, and we do it in science as well. so we look, just look -- and scientists do it, constantly -- we look for evidence that reinforces our models, and some folks are just all too able and willing to provide the evidence that reinforces the models.
因此,我们寻求证据来增强我们的心智模式 我们用这种方式处理种族、政治、所有事 当然也用这种方式处理科学,我们只观看 是科学家在这么做,我们不断寻求证据 来增强我们的心智模式,有些人很有办法 也乐意提供证据来增强那些模式
so, being i'm in the united states, i'll have a dig at the europeans. these are examples of what i would say is bad practice in science teaching centers.
所以我现在人在美国,就会说欧洲人的坏话 这些图片都是我认为不良的科学教育
these pictures are from la villette in france and the welcome wing of the science museum in london. and, if you look at the, kind of the way these things are constructed, there's a lot of mediation by glass, and it's very blue, and kind of professional -- in that way that, you know, woody allen comes up from under the sheets in that scene in "annie hall," and said, "god, that's so professional." and that you don't -- there's no passion in it, and it's not hands on, right, and, you know, pun intended.
类似教学中心,这些图取自法国维叶特科博馆 以及伦敦科博馆的迎宾翼展示区 你看看这些东西建成的模样 有很多玻璃隔板,蓝光色调,弄得很专业似的 那种方式,就像是伍迪艾伦从床单里冒出来 在《安妮霍尔》戏中的那一幕 他说“老天,这真是太专业了” 这其中没有热情,没有动手参与,是吗 这是个双关,不过也有好的教学方法
whereas good interpretation -- i'll use an example from nearby -- is san francisco exploratorium, where all the things that -- the demonstrations, and so on, are made out of everyday objects that children can understand, it's very hands-on, and they can engage with, and experiment with. and i know that if the graduates at mit and in the imperial college in london had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff, and you know, been able to do it, they would have learned how it actually works, rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and can't do it. so good interpretation is more about things that are bodged and stuffed and of my world, right? and things that -- where there isn't an extra barrier of a piece of glass or machined titanium, and it all looks fantastic, ok?
我举一个例子,离这里很近,旧金山探索馆 在那里所有的东西,展示品之类的 都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的 都可以动手玩,孩子们可以专心玩好好体验 我知道麻省理工毕业生 以及伦敦帝国学院毕业生 手上有电池电线点亮灯泡的话 他们会明白其中的原理 而不是觉得他们照着电路图来做是做不到的 好的教学方法不是 沉溺陶醉在自己世界里对吧? 那些东西也不该被隔着 用玻璃或是钛制品隔开 看起来很漂亮就好,好吗?
and the exploratorium does that really, really well. and it's amateur, but amateur in the best sense, in other words, the root of the word being of love and passion.
旧金山探索馆在这点做得非常好 看上去很业余,但业余得很对头 也就是说,根本的出发点是出自爱和热情
so, children are not empty vessels, ok?so, as "monty python" would have it, this is a bit lord privy seal to say so, but this is -- children are not empty vessels.
所以,孩童不是空瓶子 用“巨蟒剧团”的说法 就是有点像英国掌玺大臣会说的 意思是说孩童不是空无一物的瓶子
they come with their own ideas and their own theories, and unless you work with those, then you won't be able to shift them, right?
他们生来就有自己的想法和理念 如果你没从这些地方着手,就改变不了他们 对吧?
and i probably haven't shifted your ideas of how the world and universe operates, either. but this applies, equally, to matters of trying to sell new technology.
我大概没有改变大家的想法 对于世界和宇宙到底如何运作 不过这些道理同样可以用在推销新科技上也
for example, we are, in britain, we're trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology [for television].
例如,在英国,我们试着把全部的电视 都换成新科技的数位电视
and it's one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works, it's quite difficult to shift those.
有个难题是 人们对事物运作的方式一旦有了成见 就很难去改变
so we're not empty vessels; the mental models that we have as children persist into adulthood. poor teaching actually does more harm than good.
我们不是空瓶子,我们保有心智模式 从幼年到成年一直都存在 不良的教学是弊多于利
in this country and in britain, magnetism is understood better by children before they've been to school than afterwards, ok? same for gravity, two concepts, so it's -- which is quite humbling, as a, you know, if you're a teacher, and you look before and after, that's quite worrying. they do worse in tests afterwards, after the teaching.
在美国和英国,在磁力知识上 孩童在就学前学得比较好 重力知识也一样,两个不同概念,这实在可悲 如果你是个老师,看见受教前和受教后的差别 实在令人忧心,学童在受教后考得更差
and we collude. we design tests, or at least in britain, so that people pass them. right? and governments do very well. they pat themselves on the back. ok?
我们都是共犯,我们设计测验方式 至少在英国是这样,好让人们能通过考试 政府也帮了不少忙,他们推波助澜 懂吗?
we collude, and actually if you -- if someone had designed a test for me when i was doing my biology exams, to really understand, to see whether i'd understood more than just kind of putting starch and iodine together and seeing it go blue, and really understood that plants took their mass out of the air, then i might have done better at science. so the most important thing is to get people to articulate their models.
我们都是共犯 如果有人替我设计测验 在我要考生物的时候 让我能真正明白,明白我是否真的懂了 不是只在淀粉中加入碘液 看着反应呈现蓝色 而且能真正明白植物是从空气中茁壮的 我的科学可能就会学得比较好 所以,最重要的是要让人们能表述清楚他们的模型
your homework is -- you know, how does an aircraft's wing create lift? an obvious question, and you'll have an answer now in your heads. and the second question to that then is, ensure you've explained how it is that planes can fly upside down. ah ha, right.
回家作业是,机翼是怎样帮助飞机起飞的? 这问题很好懂,大家心中也有答案了 注意事项是 你要确保自己能解释为何飞机头向下的时候也能飞, 对吧
second question is, why is the sea blue? all right? and you've all got an idea in your head of the answer. so, why is it blue on cloudy days? ah, see.
问题二,海为何是蓝色的? 大家心中应该都有答案了 那么,为什么阴天时海还是蓝的?看吧 (笑声) 我一直想在美国讲这句话
(laughter)
(笑声)
i've always wanted to say that in this country. (laughter) finally, my plea to you is to allow yourselves, and your children, and anyone you know, to kind of fiddle with stuff, because it's by fiddling with things that you, you know, you complement your other learning. it's not a replacement, it's just part of learning that's important. thank you very much. now -- oh, oh yeah, go on then, go on.
最后,我希望大家能让自己,还有孩子 以及任何你认识的人,去动手接触事物 因为亲自接触了事物,你知道的 你就补足了其他方面的学习不足,这不是替换 这只是学习中很重要的一部分 谢谢大家 那么,噢,没关系,继续吧
(applause)
(鼓掌)