surplus
英 ['sɜːpləs]
美['sɝpləs]
- n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩
- adj. 剩余的；过剩的
词态变化
复数: surpluses;
中文词源
surplus 过剩，盈余，贸易顺差
sur-,在上，超过，plus,附加，加号。
英英释意
- 1. a quantity much larger than is needed
英文词源
- surplus
- surplus: see full
- surplus (n.)
- late 14c., from Old French sorplus "remainder, extra" (12c., Modern French surplus), from Medieval Latin superplus "excess, surplus," from Latin super "over" (see super-) + plus "more" (see plus). As an adjective from late 14c.
同义词辨析
excess, surplus
这两上名词都有"过剩"或"过量"之意。
excess： 指超过了限度、标准或界线。
surplus： 通常指数量或量的过剩。
remainder, surplus, rest, remains, balance
这些名词均含"剩余部分"之意。
remainder： 含义较广，可指数学运算中的余数，也指从整体取走或用掉部分后的所余部分，或一群人走掉一部分剩下的人。
surplus： 指超过需要数量之外的剩余。
rest： 最普通用词与定冠词连用，指任何指定数量的人或物等。
remains： 常指人或动物死后的遗体或遗骨，也指古代文明的遗迹或去世作家尚未发表的遗稿。
balance： 指支取存款的余额或减去各种开支后的尾数。
考试真题
- More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories.
2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C
- The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus.
2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B
- There's a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.
2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B
- Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off" will be cooked or juice.
2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ
实用场景例句
- food surpluses
- 过剩的食物
牛津词典
- Wheat was in surplus that year.
- 那一年小麦过剩。
牛津词典
- a trade surplus of £400 million
- 4亿英镑的贸易盈余
牛津词典
- The balance of payments was in surplus last year (= the value of exports was greater than the value of imports) .
- 去年国际收支有盈余。
牛津词典
- surplus cash
- 剩余的现金
牛津词典
- Surplus grain is being sold for export.
- 过剩的谷物正销往国外。
牛津词典
- These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed) .
- 这几项不需要。
牛津词典
- Germany suffers from a surplus of teachers.
- 德国遭遇了教师过剩的问题。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Few people have large sums of surplus cash...
- 几乎没人手头很富裕。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop...
- 我把多余的鸟卖给当地的宠物商店。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Japan's annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
- 日本每年的贸易顺差额在 1,000 亿美元左右。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Norway's budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.
- 挪威的预算盈余已经从 1986 年的 5.9%降至今年预计的 0.1%。
柯林斯高阶英语词典
- Surplus countries are simply stupefied by their plight. They should not be.
- 而勤俭节约的国家却是在困境中感到无可奈何, 他们本不应该如此.
期刊摘选
- Brazil has a big surplus of coffee.
- 巴西有很多剩余咖啡.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The manufacturers in some countries dumped their surplus commodities abroad.
- 一些国家的制造商向国外倾销过剩产品.
《简明英汉词典》
- Surplus value rule is the basic rule of market economy.
- 剩余价值规律是市场经济的基本规律.
期刊摘选
- The accounts show a surplus of 2,000 yuan.
- 收支相抵,净存两千元.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The kids were running around crazily , working off their surplus energy.
- 孩子们到处疯跑消耗过剩的精力.
《简明英汉词典》
- The area has changed from being short of grain to having surplus grain.
- 这地区从缺粮区变为余粮区.
《现代英汉综合大词典》
- Harry made a packet after the war selling surplus army blankets.
- 战后,哈里靠出售剩余的军用毛毯赚了一大笔钱.
《简明英汉词典》
- Surplus equipment should be turned over to the higher authorities.
- 多余器材应该上交.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The doctrine of surplus value is the cornerstone of Marx's economic theory.
- 剩余价值学说是马克思经济理论的基石.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The surplus steam was blown off through the pipes.
- 多余的蒸气通过管道放掉了.
《简明英汉词典》
- The reckoning up of revenue and expenditure shows a small surplus.
- 收支相抵,略有剩余.
《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The agricultural surplus was taken over almost in its entirety by the ruler.
- 剩余农产品几乎全被统治者囊括一空.
《简明英汉词典》
- It's an essay heavy with surplus phrasing.
- 这是篇废话连篇的散文.
《简明英汉词典》
- He tried to work off his surplus fat by doing exercises every day.
- 他每天运动,想以此去掉一些多余的脂肪.
《简明英汉词典》