第1篇 2022高考英语知识点总结:非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词ing和过去分词等几种形式,这是历年高考必考内容,每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在:非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。 高考考点透视 1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。 2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。 3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。 4.不定式与动名词,动名词与现在分词,现在分词与过去分词,分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。 5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。 6.过去分词作定语,不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。 7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等。 8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清,把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病,关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如: 1. the children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 根据句子结构,我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是the children,谓语部分是will go on the stage,动词play显然在句中不作谓语,应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行,可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children,意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”,因而正确答案为playing。 考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析,即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语,两者不同之处在于:现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,它们之间的关系是主动关系,而过去分词作状语时,虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语,但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题: 1.____tired of tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, julia decided to do the job all by herself. a) to get b) to have got c) getting d) have got 一般来说,在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此,首先可以确定 这是一个简单句,非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语julia之间的主动关系,以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,没有明显的先后顺序,可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了tom只说不做的工作态度”,故正确答案为c。 考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语,但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么,两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系,特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道,当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候,一般来说,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,那么,当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题: 1. the last bus (go)____, we had to walk home. 2. weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语,而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语,即“是 末班车开走了,而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”,这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。 请再看下面例题: 3. the work (finish) _____, they may go home. 4. the problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors. 同样,这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性,可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。 考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语,但它仍然具有动词的特征,即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下,如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如: ____ that bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. a) heard b) having heard c) hear d) to hear 依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系,以及前后句的逻辑关系,可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语,再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前,由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用),意为“听说bob已得到提升,他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”,故正确答案为b。 考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变 非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变,习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首,作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题: 1. it is an honour for me (be) _____ your english teacher. 2. it is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this. 根据对句式的分析,可以判断出it是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式,即to be,第2题应该填动名词,即waiting。 六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断 非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况,这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说,用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中,如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中,就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,如果是被动行为,就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如: 1. the boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother. 依据cry与它的逻辑主语the boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行,所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy,因而正确答案为crying。 精选试题 模拟题及其答案 1. everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______a good college. a. enter。mb. to enter c. entering。md. entered 2he ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus. a. to hope。mb. hope c. hoping。md. hoped 3.he spent every minute he could _____ spoken english. a. practise。mb. to practise c. practising。md. practised 4.before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral english. a. improve。mb. to improve c. improvingd. to improving 5. he knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work. a. doingb. to do c. being doingd. to be done 6. all her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films. a. devoted to do b. devoted to doing c. devoting to doing d. is devoted to doing a. you fly b. your flight c. flight d. flying 8. not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well. a. to work, to do b. to working, to doing c. to work, to doing d. to working, to do a. to buy b. buying c. on buying d. in buying 10. “do you have anything more ______, sir?” “no. you can have a rest or do something else.” a. typing b. to be typed c. typed d. to type 11. i don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september. a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard 12. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery. a. tiring; to admire b. being tired; admiring c. tired; to admire d. tired; admiring 13. don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. a. run b. running c. being run d. to run 14. he looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. a. put b. to be put c. to put d. putting 15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. a. having stolen b. having been stolen c. stolen d. stealing 16. to answer correctly is more important than _____. a. that you finish quickly b. finishing quickly c. to finish quickly d. finish quickly 17. you will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go. a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising 18. the monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river. a. to have discovered b. to have been discovered c. to discover d. having been discovered 19. —— have you considered _____ your job as a teacher? ——yes. i like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener. a. to change; to be b. to change; being c. changing; being d. changing; to be 20. mr. green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young. a. to do b. to have done c. to be doing d. to have been doing 21. seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. a. prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. having prepared 22.(山西省晋中市2022学年度高三年级第一次调研考试题,35)i walked out of the cinema, a.determining b.decided c.to determine d.to decide 23.(山东省日照市2022年高三模拟考试,26)every time he had a chance,he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country. a.settled b.settling c.to settle d.settle 24. (山东省济宁市2022—2022学年度高三第一阶段质量检测,32)there was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise. a.following b.to follow c.followed d.followed by 25.(福建福州八中2022年元月高三调研考试试卷,30) in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2022 olympic games, the little girl lin miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world. a.dressed b.worn c.dressing d.wearing 26.(福建福州八中2022年元月高三调研考试试卷,34)the problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. a.discussed b.to discuss c.to be discussed d.discussing 27.(唐山市2022-2022学年度高一第一次教学质量检测,20) when why he behaved that way at table,he made no reply. a.being asked b. asked c.asking d.to ask 28. (唐山市2022-2022学年度高一第一次教学质量检测,23) ,mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest. a.with her housework done b.with her housework being done c.with her housework doing d.with her housework to do 29.(湖南省衡阳市八中2022年上期高二第一次月考试卷,31)the manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _______ the next year. a. establish b. establishing c. established d. to establish a. losing b. lost c. having lost d. having been lost 答案与解析解析 1. 解析其实正确答案应是b此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。 2 解析此题的答案是 c不是a,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。 3. 解析此题答案选 c,这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 he spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken english. 4. 解析此题答案选d,注意两点:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。 5. 解析其实答案应选a。比较以下结构: can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事 6. 解析此题答案为b。现分析如下: (1) devote 意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to,其中的to 是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。 (2) 选a错误:若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。 (3) 选b正确:all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。 (4) 选c错误:因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。 (5) 选d错误:若单独看 all her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选d,或将d将中的is 改为 being也可选它。 7. 解析答案为d。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选b或c,因为b、c均为名词,不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。a和d均是可能的,因为其中有动词 fly。但若选a,you fly 是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突,所以只能选d,即动名词flying在此用作主语。 8. 解析正确答案为b,因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的 to 也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形 9. 解析答案应选c。其实,动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist 通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on或upon,即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。 10. 解析答案是b。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如 i have some clothes to wash等,即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如 i have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 i 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。 11. 解析happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响. 答案d 12. 解析tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事 答案c 13. 解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项a、d表示将来可能发生的动作;b表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选b,表示水不停地流出。 答案b 14. 解析catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。 答案d 15. 解析从动作发生的时间来看,应是先偷钻石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。 答案 a 16. 解析题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。 答案c 17. 解析advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。 答案b 18. 解析用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。 答案 a 19. 解析consider 作“考虑”解时,后常接-ing形式(短语)作宾语;作“认为” 解时,后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。 答案d 20. 解析由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。 答案b 21. 解析由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。 答案c 22. 解析determining 与主语i 是主谓关系,逗号后面不是一个并列句,因此排除选项b。不定式一般表示将来,不符合题意。 答案 a 23. 解析have difficulty (in)doing sth为固定搭配,因此选b。 答案b 24. 解析根据常识,先看见闪电,后听见雷声,因此要用过去分词,由by引出宾语。 答案d 25. 解析dressed in+衣服,固定搭配,表示处于一种状态。 答案 a 26. 解析the problems 与discuss之间是被动的关系,应用被动语态;tomorrow这个时间状语决定应该是将来的事情,不定式可以表示将来,因此选c。 答案c 27. 解析句意:当他被问到在餐桌旁为什么那样表现时,他没有做出回答。根据题意,应选过去分词,此处为省略句,相当于when he was asked......。 答案b 28. 解析housework和do是动宾关系,过去分词done表示被动和完成,符合题意。意思是“做完家务后,妈妈喝了一杯咖啡,然后休息了一会儿。” 答案 a 29. 解析see sth done 固定搭配,establish与rules之间是动宾关系。句子的意思是:经理介绍了一些她希望明年生效的规定。 答案c 30. 解析句意强调主语沉思,而不知道下一步将要做什么事情。由主语he,我们可知应用主动语态,排除选项d;having lost表示动作发生在主语动作之前,不和题意,排除c;过去分词作形容词,可以表示主语所处的一种状态,符合题意。 答案b
第2篇 小学英语语法知识点总结:情态动词
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can, could, will, would, may, must, should, shall。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
特征
1)情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
2)情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。
3)情态动词(ought除外)和助动词shall,will,should,would一样,后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。
形式变化
1)没有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。如:
i can we can
you can you can
he
they can
she can
it
2)有些情态动词有过去式,有少数过去式和它的原形相同。
a)有过去式的情态动词有:
may -- would
can ―― could
may―― night
shall -- should
have to -- had to
b)过去式不变的情态动词有:
must - must (或had to)
ought to - ought to
need---need
dare - dare(亦可用dared)
3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。
否定式
情态动词和助动词一样,后面可直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下:
shall not--shan‘t [fb:nt]
will not---won’t [weunt]
can not-can‘t [kb:nt]
must not-mustn’t [5mqsnt]
should not-- shouldn‘t
would not-- wouldn’t
could not-- couldn‘t
dare not- daren’t [dzent]
need not-- needn‘t
在疑问句中的用法
情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。如:
may i ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?
can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一会儿吗?
would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想参观重型机器厂吗?
注意have to在疑问句中的位置。如:
do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去吗?
does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完这项工作不可吗?
第3篇 中考英语情态动词总结
中考英语情态动词总结
need
(1)need 表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为neednt,表示“没有必要,不必”;对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用 neednt。如
—need we do some cleaning now? 我们必须现在大扫除吗?
—yes, you must. 是的',你们必须(现在大扫除)。
—no, you neednt. 不,你们不必。
(2)need 还可作实义动词,常用于下列结构:
①need to do sth“需要做某事”。如:
i need to learn more. 我需要学习更多(的东西)。
②need doing “某物需要被做”。如:
my hair needs cutting. 我的头发该理了。
③need +名词或代词。如:
all living things need water. 一切生物需要水。
第4篇 2022高考英语知识点总结:动词时态和语态
2022高考英语知识点总结:动词时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重,一般占1—2道题。命题思路有三:一是直接给出标志性时间状语,考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给出时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性,考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择,需要结合语境判断;三是没有任何时间状语,需要借助于上下文语境,才能作出正确判断。 考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态,而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境,弄清时间的先后关系,可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。 一?识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态? [例]①more than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent [解析] 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态?答案为b? 动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语? (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等? (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等? (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years…等? (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等? [命题角度及对策]高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力?敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策? 二?主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态? 命题角度及对策]近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查?在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间?条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时? (2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境? (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)? 三?仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化?实际化?因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题? 例:—do you think we should accept that offer? —yes,we should,for we______ such bad luck up till now,and time______ out. a. have had;is running b. had;is running c. have;has been run d. have had;has been run 答案解析 a。由时间标志词up till now知道,动作是从过去延续到现在,所以第一空要用现在完成时;而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了,所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 —can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus? —well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 a.m.. a.will leave b.left c.is leaving d.leaves 答案解析 d。考查时态,“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情,表示一般性动作用一般现在时。 精选试题 模拟题及其答案 1. — what’s that terrible noise ? — the neighbors _____ for a party. a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare 2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering 3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____ by 2022. 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _____ ping –pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _____ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _____ each other a couple of times before that. a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen 8. this is ted’s photo. we miss him a lot. he ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 9. — how are the team playing ? — they are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. — you haven’t said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? — i’m sorry, i _____ anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you. a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say 11. i wonder why jenny ____ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasn’t written b. doesn’t write c. won’t write d. hadn’t written 12. my uncle ______ until he was forty –five. a. married b. didn’t marry c. was not marrying d. would marry — i will go to see you when you _____ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. — how long _____ at this job ? — since 1990 a. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _____ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. — sorry, joe, i didn’t mean to — don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr parker to you, and _____ you forget it ! a. do b. didn’t c. did d. don’t 20. at this time tomorrow _____ over the atlantic. a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. a. doesn’t mention b. hadn’t mentioned c. didn’t mention d. hasn’t mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _____ that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. a. hadn’t left b. didn’t leave c. doesn’t leave d. hasn’t left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _____ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. — sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. — where was i ? — you _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _____ the road to be so iey. a. wouldn’t expect b. haven’t expected c. hadn’t expected d. wasn’t expecting 28. i ______ while reading the english textbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached 30. my mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so i’m afraid i _____ half of it. a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed 答案与解析 1、b 根据题意先排除d 项,因为回答方要说明书现在的情况;a项have prepare说明已经准备好,c项prepare是目前的习惯性动作,b项瑞在进行时表示动作的示完性。因此b 项为答案。 2、b 句意:因为lucy失业了,所以她在考虑重返校园,但她现在还没决定。根据题意说话者在说现在的情况,因此排除了a、c、d三项,b飞行员现在完成进行时,表示现在的事,进行时强调“考虑”这个动作的“未完性”,所以是答案。 3、c 句意:北京市市长说所有北京奥林区克建筑将于2022年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态,很显然本题应该用被动语态,因此排除b、d根据时间状语by2022,应选择将来完成时,因此选c。 4、a 题干中主句为selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,谓语动词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”,使用的是一般现在时态(…is no easy task);后面的状态从句(because…)中则说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”,应采用现在进行时:(technology)is changing(so rapidly).现在进行时态在此表示了一种“持续变化”的状态,体现了“变化、趋势、发展和进展” 5、d 题干后的分句(but…)为转折语气,并在句中使用了现在完成时态(i haven’t had time to play),表示自从new year以来一直没有打过乒乓球,由此可以排除选项b(will play)、c(have played).由此推断前一人句中所说状态为“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”,则空中应该使用一般现在时态表达这一时间概念。 6、d 句意为:参观者被要求不触摸展品。所以应该用被动形式。 7、d第一空为现在完成时,与一段时间状语连用(for eight years);第二空:在一次晚会上认识之前就见过,上是“过去的过去”的一个动作,帮选d。 8、c 从上下文可知,ted已经死了,属于过去发生的事情, 对于动词kill来讲,应是被动关系,故选c 9、a 由题中所设语境可知,一句队员受伤应是过去的动作,故选a。 10、d从对话题干所设语境看,此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此对话中,brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意;sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。 此处仍应使用表示过去行为的简单过去时,与后面句子中的现在时态(i certainly think…)形成对照。其余选项所给时态…hasn’t written us recently。 11、a 前句中recently与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示:we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事,用现在完成时态:…hasn’t written us recently. 12、b marry是终止性动词,用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五岁才结婚。” 13、d when从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。 14、b答语中的since1990是关键信息。 15、b 时间状语in the past five years与现在时间有关。 16、d图书馆的安静被打破,故须用被动语态;情景中找不出与现在有关的时间信息,故a是错误的。 17、c grow与as从句里的wait发生。 题干前半句为时间状语,提供了极为重要的时间线索:all morning as she waited…,表示了过去的一段延续时间,本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness “grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。 本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d项(had grown)过去完成时态,应用于表示过去特定时间之前的行为,与语境不符,也可排除。 18、b stay这晨是系动词的用法,不用被动形式。 根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词fresh判断,选项所给动词stay为系动词(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——collins new english dictionary), 因此,很容易排除a项(系动词不可能使用权用被动语态);从句意看,说话人向对方提出建议(why don’t you…?),然后阐明依据(the meat will…),应该是stay 的一般形式,而不会是进行式(c 项be staying)或完成式(d项have stayed)。 19、d注意mr parker 这里针对的是“sorry , joe”这件事,而不是“ i didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此时此刻”发生的,故应用一般现在时。句意:你应称呼我帕克先生,你不是忘了吧!题干选材为大小对话形式,语境完整,前者向 joe道歉,后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉,认为称呼自己为joe是:“套近乎”。提醒并*千对方,语气非常严厉。 20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间,故用来将进行时。 21、a 在the news came 之前我就已经知道,故用将来进行时。 22、c but连接的并列句,时态与thought一致。 23、a句子的主语是no one,谓语动词应当用单数。 24、d although从句中的has lived是非常重要的时间住处说话的人的意思是:虽然他与我们一起生活多年(从过去到现在),但他没有给我们留下多少印象。所以,这里使用c项是不恰当的。 25、a根据can的形式(而不是could)可以判断,这里并不是谈论纯粹的过去或过去的过去,但显然也不是将来时间。 26、c 语境中暗含着一个时间信息:当我打断你说话的时候。 27、c arrive是关键信息:(我在出发之前)没有预料到路会这么滑。这里谈论的显然是过去(started)的过去(had expected). 28、c根据woke(wake 的过去式)可以判断,这里谈论的与“现在”无关,因此可以排除b和d两项。i是在读书期间睡着的(while reading),而不是在之前睡着的,所以a项也是不恰当的。 29、a 句意:请不要偏离话题,不然的话,我们就不会取胜得决定。祈使句与and 或or 连用是常见的说法,又如:turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左转,你就会找到那个书店里。listen to me or you will never succeed.听我的话,否则,你不会成功的。同时在谈到will do和be going to do 表示将来的区别时,will表意愿和既时的将来,而后者表示计划的或有迹象的将来。例如: give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him. —i was going to ,but my wife returned. 30、d 句意:(当时)我并没有注意他说的话,所以(现在)我觉得他讲的话一半我没有听到。题干句中透圳出时间信息的三个地方:wasn’t ,was saying和i’m afraid是做出选择的重要依据。
第5篇 新概念英语(一)语法总结:情态动词的使用
导语新概念英语作为家喻户晓的英文学习教材,《新概念英语》在中国经久不衰,影响了好几代学习者。即使以今天的角度来看,这套出版于几十年前的教材无论是在编排体系,题材和题材,词汇还是语法上都有出彩之处,值得各个层次的人学习。
情态动词的使用
1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)
结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型
he can make the tea.
sally can air the room.
we can speak english.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
can he make the tea?
can sally air the room?
can we speak english?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
he cannot make the tea.
sally cannot air the room.
we cannot speak english.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, he can. / no, he cannot.
yes, she can. / no, she cannot.
yes, we can. / no, we cannot.
★特殊疑问句:(必背)
what can you do?
注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。
2)must/have to的区别
must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做
must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态
3)must, may, might表示猜测:
· must do 表示对现在事实的猜测
· must have done表示对过去事实的猜测
· must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
· may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
4)can't/couldn't 表示不可能
第6篇 八年级上册英语情态动词should知识点总结
八年级上册英语情态动词should知识点总结
为您整理了八年级上册英语情态动词should知识点:期末考试复习,希望帮助您提供多想法。和小编一起期待学期的学习吧,加油哦!
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
howshouldiknow?我怎么知道?
whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
weshouldhelpeachother.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:
youshouldbeherewithcleanhands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
youshouldgotothedoctorifyoufeelill.如果感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3.用于表示可能性。should的`这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我们在晚饭前就能到了。
sheshouldbehereanymoment.她随时都可能来。
以上就是为大家整理的八年级上册英语情态动词should知识点:期末考试复习,大家还满意吗?希望对大家有所帮助!
第7篇 小学英语语法短语动词总结
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(phrasal verb)。例如:
turn off the radio. 把收音**上。(turn off是短语动词)
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:
1) 动词+副词,如:black out;
2) 动词+介词,如:look into;
3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(particle)。
第8篇 新概念英语语法总结:情态动词的使用
情态动词的使用
1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)
结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型
he can make the tea.
sally can air the room.
we can speak english.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
can he make the tea?
can sally air the room?
can we speak english?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
he cannot make the tea.
sally cannot air the room.
we cannot speak english.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, he can. / no, he cannot.
yes, she can. / no, she cannot.
yes, we can. / no, we cannot.
★特殊疑问句:(必背)
what can you do?
注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。
2)must/have to的区别
must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做
must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态
3)must, may, might表示猜测:
· must do 表示对现在事实的猜测
· must have done表示对过去事实的猜测
· must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
· may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
4)can't/couldn't 表示不可能
第9篇 新概念英语第三册语法总结:容易混淆的动词1
1. rise,raise,arise,arouse
“rise” 是不及物动词,过去式为rose,过去分词为risen,其基本词义“上升,上涨”。 the sun rises in the east. a good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物规则动词,“举起,提高”。 he raised his voice to make himself heard. the boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”,是不及物动词,过去式为arose,过去分词arisen,其语义为“出现,发生” 。 his curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物动词,过去式和过去分词为aroused,其语义为“唤醒,引起” arouse somebody from sleep 把某人唤醒 arouse suspicion 引起怀疑
2. lay,lie,lie
“lay”及物动词,“放置,生蛋”,过去式与过去分词为 “laid” i've laid the book on the self. the hen lays an egg every day.
“lie”不及物动词“位于,平躺”,过去式为“lay”过去分词 “lain” he lay on the floor and slept soundly. beijing lies in the north of china.
“lie”及物动词“说谎”,它是规则动词。 he lied to his teacher.
3. sit,seat
“sit”不及物动词,过去式与过去分词均为 “sat”。 he sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物动词,“使就坐”“容纳”。 he seats himself here. he is seated there. he seats the baby on his knees. the hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect,effect
“affect” 及物动词,“对……有影响,感动,触及” the relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物动词, “导致,造成,带来(变化),产生” the changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
当 hang过去式与过去分词为 “hanged”,其含义是“绞死”;而当hang的过去式与过去分词为“hung”时,其含义是“悬挂”。 the man was hanged for murder. he hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow,lend
“borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...” “lend”(lent, lent) 借出 “lend sb. sth” 或 “lend sth. to sb.”
7. take,bring,fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物动词“拿走” “bring”(brought, brought) 及物动词“带来” “fetch” 及物动词“去取回来”
测试精编
1. before discussing the steps in detail, ________. a. a general principle should be laid down. b. i should like to lie down a general principle c. i'd like to lay down a general principle d. a general principle lies.
2. the typewriter ________. a. was laying on the table, where it had laid all week. b. was lying on the table, where it had laid all week. c. was laying on the table, where it had been laid all week. d. was lying on the table, where it had been laid all week.
3. up till now, these problems have been ________ for centuries. a. laying dormant b. laying dormantly c. lying dormant d. lain dormantly
4. “oh, glad to see you, john.” “what ________ you to this city?” a. carries b. brings c. takes d. makes
5. during the period of inflation, the value of money drops as ________. a. prices rise b. prices arise c. the price is rising d. prices are raised
6. when all the students ________, the professor began his lecture. a. seated b. sit c. were seated d. seat
(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
keys
1. c 2.d 3. c 4.b 5.a 6. c
第10篇 新概念英语语法总结:动词的变化
1)代词及be动词
主格 i we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词现在时 am are are are is are
be动词过去时 was were were were was were
2)名词的复数
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
3)动词的第三人称单数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4)动词现在分词
规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
规则3 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5)动词过去式
规则动词变化
规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
过去式的读音
在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/,/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6)形容词和副词的比较级和级
比较级
规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
级
规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常见缩写:
is='s i am=i'm are='re
is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
do not=don't
does not=doesn't
was='s
did not=didn't
can not=can't
have='ve
has='s
have not=haven't
has not=hasn't
will='ll
will not=won't
shall not=shan't
第11篇 情态动词的知识重点与难点总结
情态动词的知识重点与难点总结
1. 情态动词的推测表达
2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气
3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法
知识重点与难点总结
知识重点:
情态动词在表达推测意义的.句子中的运用:
(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示肯定,may / might / can / could表示可能, must只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示可能,可能吗?,其否定式cant / couldnt 表示不可能。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。
(二)对现在的事实进行推测:
主要结构:must / may / might +动词原形
be+名词/形容词/介词短语
be + doing
例句:
1. you must be jeanne. im mathilde loisel. we used to know each other very well.
第12篇 初中英语知识点总结接不定式作宾语的动词
速记口诀
三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝;
设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。
妙语诠释三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse
设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide
不要假装在选择:petend,choose